Association between mild cognitive impairment and APOE Ɛ4, low education level, and lack of spousal relationship in community-dwelling older persons in Nigeria
Background: Apolipoprotein Ɛ4 has been established as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia among Caucasians; however, the relationship among Black Africans has not been consistent. Aims: This study aimed to determine the sex-related differences in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Current Medicine Research and Practice |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_87_24 |
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| author | Isyaku Gwarzo Mukhtar Mohamed Mabrouk Elkhashab Muhammad Ali Salim Salisu Ahmed Ibrahim Isyaku Umar Yarube |
| author_facet | Isyaku Gwarzo Mukhtar Mohamed Mabrouk Elkhashab Muhammad Ali Salim Salisu Ahmed Ibrahim Isyaku Umar Yarube |
| author_sort | Isyaku Gwarzo Mukhtar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background:
Apolipoprotein Ɛ4 has been established as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia among Caucasians; however, the relationship among Black Africans has not been consistent.
Aims:
This study aimed to determine the sex-related differences in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its association with apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism and sociodemographic factors amongst community-dwelling older persons in Kano, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods:
One hundred and forty-three participants (males = 65 and females = 78) were randomly recruited. APOE was genotyped from peripherally extracted genomic DNA using the sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction with Hhal digestion. Cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic (MoCA-B). Data were analysed using the SPSS software.
Results:
The mean age of the participants was 65.69 years. The prevalence of MCI was 63.64%, and females were more affected (73.08% vs. 52.31%, χ2 = 6.609; P = 0.010). The frequency of APOE genotypes was: E3/3-48%, E3/4-25.9%, E2/3-15.4%, E2/4 and E4/4-4.2%, and E2/2-2.8%, while its allelic distribution was: Ɛ3-68.2%, Ɛ4-19.2%, and Ɛ2-12.6%. Age and years of formal education were the independent predictors of the MoCA-B score. They explained 68% of the variance in MoCA-B score, while possession of at least one Ɛ4 allele (χ2 = 37.949, P < 0.001), low level of formal education (χ2 = 20.035, P = 0.001), being female (χ2 = 6.609, P = 0.010), being single (χ2 = 6.303, P = 0.012), and having a lower monthly income (χ2 = 16.884, P = 0.001) were associated with MCI.
Conclusions:
The prevalence of MCI among older persons in Kano, Nigeria, is high and is associated with low levels of education, female sex, advanced age, low income, and APOE Ɛ4. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6c5387ea381e459c9bfa2da2a2190bf6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2352-0817 2352-0825 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Medicine Research and Practice |
| spelling | doaj-art-6c5387ea381e459c9bfa2da2a2190bf62025-01-07T05:18:54ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsCurrent Medicine Research and Practice2352-08172352-08252024-12-0114625125610.4103/cmrp.cmrp_87_24Association between mild cognitive impairment and APOE Ɛ4, low education level, and lack of spousal relationship in community-dwelling older persons in NigeriaIsyaku Gwarzo MukhtarMohamed Mabrouk ElkhashabMuhammad Ali SalimSalisu Ahmed IbrahimIsyaku Umar YarubeBackground: Apolipoprotein Ɛ4 has been established as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia among Caucasians; however, the relationship among Black Africans has not been consistent. Aims: This study aimed to determine the sex-related differences in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its association with apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism and sociodemographic factors amongst community-dwelling older persons in Kano, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty-three participants (males = 65 and females = 78) were randomly recruited. APOE was genotyped from peripherally extracted genomic DNA using the sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction with Hhal digestion. Cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic (MoCA-B). Data were analysed using the SPSS software. Results: The mean age of the participants was 65.69 years. The prevalence of MCI was 63.64%, and females were more affected (73.08% vs. 52.31%, χ2 = 6.609; P = 0.010). The frequency of APOE genotypes was: E3/3-48%, E3/4-25.9%, E2/3-15.4%, E2/4 and E4/4-4.2%, and E2/2-2.8%, while its allelic distribution was: Ɛ3-68.2%, Ɛ4-19.2%, and Ɛ2-12.6%. Age and years of formal education were the independent predictors of the MoCA-B score. They explained 68% of the variance in MoCA-B score, while possession of at least one Ɛ4 allele (χ2 = 37.949, P < 0.001), low level of formal education (χ2 = 20.035, P = 0.001), being female (χ2 = 6.609, P = 0.010), being single (χ2 = 6.303, P = 0.012), and having a lower monthly income (χ2 = 16.884, P = 0.001) were associated with MCI. Conclusions: The prevalence of MCI among older persons in Kano, Nigeria, is high and is associated with low levels of education, female sex, advanced age, low income, and APOE Ɛ4.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_87_24apolipoprotein edementiaelderlymild cognitive impairmentsocio-demographics |
| spellingShingle | Isyaku Gwarzo Mukhtar Mohamed Mabrouk Elkhashab Muhammad Ali Salim Salisu Ahmed Ibrahim Isyaku Umar Yarube Association between mild cognitive impairment and APOE Ɛ4, low education level, and lack of spousal relationship in community-dwelling older persons in Nigeria Current Medicine Research and Practice apolipoprotein e dementia elderly mild cognitive impairment socio-demographics |
| title | Association between mild cognitive impairment and APOE Ɛ4, low education level, and lack of spousal relationship in community-dwelling older persons in Nigeria |
| title_full | Association between mild cognitive impairment and APOE Ɛ4, low education level, and lack of spousal relationship in community-dwelling older persons in Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Association between mild cognitive impairment and APOE Ɛ4, low education level, and lack of spousal relationship in community-dwelling older persons in Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between mild cognitive impairment and APOE Ɛ4, low education level, and lack of spousal relationship in community-dwelling older persons in Nigeria |
| title_short | Association between mild cognitive impairment and APOE Ɛ4, low education level, and lack of spousal relationship in community-dwelling older persons in Nigeria |
| title_sort | association between mild cognitive impairment and apoe e4 low education level and lack of spousal relationship in community dwelling older persons in nigeria |
| topic | apolipoprotein e dementia elderly mild cognitive impairment socio-demographics |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_87_24 |
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