Optomechanical energy enhanced BF-QEPAS for fast and sensitive gas sensing
Traditional beat frequency quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (BF-QEPAS) are limited by short energy accumulation times and the necessity of a decay period, leading to weaker signals and longer measurement cycles. Herein, we present a novel optomechanical energy-enhanced (OEE-) BF-QEPAS tech...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Photoacoustics |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213597924000946 |
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| author | Weilin Ye Linfeng He Weihao Liu Zhile Yuan Kaiyuan Zheng Guolin Li |
| author_facet | Weilin Ye Linfeng He Weihao Liu Zhile Yuan Kaiyuan Zheng Guolin Li |
| author_sort | Weilin Ye |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Traditional beat frequency quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (BF-QEPAS) are limited by short energy accumulation times and the necessity of a decay period, leading to weaker signals and longer measurement cycles. Herein, we present a novel optomechanical energy-enhanced (OEE-) BF-QEPAS technique for fast and sensitive gas sensing. Our approach employs periodic pulse-width modulation (PWM) of the laser signal with an optimized duty cycle, maintaining the quartz tuning fork's (QTF) output at a stable steady-state level by applying stimulus signals at each half-period and allowing free vibration in alternate half-periods to minimize energy dissipation. This method enhances optomechanical energy accumulation in the QTF, resulting in an approximate 33-fold increase in response speed and a threefold increase in signal intensity compared to conventional BF-QEPAS. We introduce an energy efficiency coefficient K to quantify the relationship between transient signal amplitude and measurement duration, exploring its dependence on the modulation signal's period and duty cycle. Theoretical analyses and numerical simulations demonstrate that the maximum K occurs at a duty cycle of 50 % and an optimized beat frequency Δf of 30 Hz. Experimental results using methane reveal a detection limit of 2.17 ppm with a rapid response time of 33 ms. The OEE-BF-QEPAS technique exhibits a wide dynamic range with exceptional linearity over five orders of magnitude and a record noise-equivalent normalized absorption (NNEA) coefficient of 9.46 × 10−10 W cm−1 Hz−1/2. Additionally, a self-calibration method is proposed for correcting resonant frequency shifts. The proposed method holds immense potential for applications requiring fast and precise gas detection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6c2629eab1504273a27733ebc7a3032c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2213-5979 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Photoacoustics |
| spelling | doaj-art-6c2629eab1504273a27733ebc7a3032c2025-01-17T04:49:31ZengElsevierPhotoacoustics2213-59792025-02-0141100677Optomechanical energy enhanced BF-QEPAS for fast and sensitive gas sensingWeilin Ye0Linfeng He1Weihao Liu2Zhile Yuan3Kaiyuan Zheng4Guolin Li5Shantou Key Laboratory for Intelligent Equipment and Technology, College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Dax-ue Road, Shantou 515063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, PR ChinaShantou Key Laboratory for Intelligent Equipment and Technology, College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Dax-ue Road, Shantou 515063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, PR ChinaShantou Key Laboratory for Intelligent Equipment and Technology, College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Dax-ue Road, Shantou 515063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, PR ChinaShantou Key Laboratory for Intelligent Equipment and Technology, College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Dax-ue Road, Shantou 515063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, PR ChinaDivision of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 999077, Hong Kong; Corresponding authors.College of Control Science & Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China; Corresponding authors.Traditional beat frequency quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (BF-QEPAS) are limited by short energy accumulation times and the necessity of a decay period, leading to weaker signals and longer measurement cycles. Herein, we present a novel optomechanical energy-enhanced (OEE-) BF-QEPAS technique for fast and sensitive gas sensing. Our approach employs periodic pulse-width modulation (PWM) of the laser signal with an optimized duty cycle, maintaining the quartz tuning fork's (QTF) output at a stable steady-state level by applying stimulus signals at each half-period and allowing free vibration in alternate half-periods to minimize energy dissipation. This method enhances optomechanical energy accumulation in the QTF, resulting in an approximate 33-fold increase in response speed and a threefold increase in signal intensity compared to conventional BF-QEPAS. We introduce an energy efficiency coefficient K to quantify the relationship between transient signal amplitude and measurement duration, exploring its dependence on the modulation signal's period and duty cycle. Theoretical analyses and numerical simulations demonstrate that the maximum K occurs at a duty cycle of 50 % and an optimized beat frequency Δf of 30 Hz. Experimental results using methane reveal a detection limit of 2.17 ppm with a rapid response time of 33 ms. The OEE-BF-QEPAS technique exhibits a wide dynamic range with exceptional linearity over five orders of magnitude and a record noise-equivalent normalized absorption (NNEA) coefficient of 9.46 × 10−10 W cm−1 Hz−1/2. Additionally, a self-calibration method is proposed for correcting resonant frequency shifts. The proposed method holds immense potential for applications requiring fast and precise gas detection.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213597924000946Optical sensorQuartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopyContinuous beat frequencyEnergy accumulation incentive |
| spellingShingle | Weilin Ye Linfeng He Weihao Liu Zhile Yuan Kaiyuan Zheng Guolin Li Optomechanical energy enhanced BF-QEPAS for fast and sensitive gas sensing Photoacoustics Optical sensor Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy Continuous beat frequency Energy accumulation incentive |
| title | Optomechanical energy enhanced BF-QEPAS for fast and sensitive gas sensing |
| title_full | Optomechanical energy enhanced BF-QEPAS for fast and sensitive gas sensing |
| title_fullStr | Optomechanical energy enhanced BF-QEPAS for fast and sensitive gas sensing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optomechanical energy enhanced BF-QEPAS for fast and sensitive gas sensing |
| title_short | Optomechanical energy enhanced BF-QEPAS for fast and sensitive gas sensing |
| title_sort | optomechanical energy enhanced bf qepas for fast and sensitive gas sensing |
| topic | Optical sensor Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy Continuous beat frequency Energy accumulation incentive |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213597924000946 |
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