Assessment of Body Composition, Bone Density, and Biochemical Markers of a Natural Bodybuilder During Contest Preparation
This case study aimed to evaluate the body composition and several biochemical markers during a 7-month pre-competition training period of a natural male bodybuilder. The athlete monitored his nutrition, training variables, and daily physical activity during the preparation phase. At the beginning (...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/1/79 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1841549446540689408 |
|---|---|
| author | Konstantinos Michailidis Nikolaos Zaras Dimitrios Balampanos Alexandra Avloniti Theodoros Stampoulis Maria Protopapa Dimitrios Pantazis Nikolaos-Orestis Retzepis Ilias Smilios Athanasios Chatzinikolaou |
| author_facet | Konstantinos Michailidis Nikolaos Zaras Dimitrios Balampanos Alexandra Avloniti Theodoros Stampoulis Maria Protopapa Dimitrios Pantazis Nikolaos-Orestis Retzepis Ilias Smilios Athanasios Chatzinikolaou |
| author_sort | Konstantinos Michailidis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This case study aimed to evaluate the body composition and several biochemical markers during a 7-month pre-competition training period of a natural male bodybuilder. The athlete monitored his nutrition, training variables, and daily physical activity during the preparation phase. At the beginning (W31), in the middle (W18), and one week before the contest (W1), measurements included body composition via DEXA, testosterone and cortisol hormonal concentrations, and lipid, blood, and liver biochemical markers via an automated hematology analyzer. A gradual decrease in energy intake (−27.6%) and increased daily activity (169.0%) was found. Fat mass decreased from 17.9 kg (W31) to 13.1 kg (W18) and 4.2 kg (W1), while lean body mass decreased from 69.9 kg (W31) to 68.2 kg (W18) and 66.7 kg (W1). Bone density decreased linearly, and bone mass decreased from W31 to W1 by 1.7%. Testosterone decreased from 5.4 ng·mL<sup>−1</sup> (W31) to 5.3 ng·mL<sup>−1</sup> (W18) and 4.4 ng·mL<sup>−1</sup> (W1), while cortisol increased from 21.3 μg·dL<sup>−1</sup> (W31) to 20.3 μg·dL<sup>−1</sup> (W18) and 24.4 μg·dL<sup>−1</sup> (W1). In conclusion, a slow rate of weight loss and training with repetitions nearly to failure, combined with weekly monitoring of training and nutrition, may significantly improve body composition. However, hormone concentration and bone mass will experience mild negative effects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6c23918ceb6a4ad7a61ed9eb5705ed9b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-6c23918ceb6a4ad7a61ed9eb5705ed9b2025-01-10T13:14:22ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-12-011517910.3390/app15010079Assessment of Body Composition, Bone Density, and Biochemical Markers of a Natural Bodybuilder During Contest PreparationKonstantinos Michailidis0Nikolaos Zaras1Dimitrios Balampanos2Alexandra Avloniti3Theodoros Stampoulis4Maria Protopapa5Dimitrios Pantazis6Nikolaos-Orestis Retzepis7Ilias Smilios8Athanasios Chatzinikolaou9Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Occupational Therapy, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, GreeceDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Occupational Therapy, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, GreeceDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Occupational Therapy, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, GreeceDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Occupational Therapy, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, GreeceDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Occupational Therapy, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, GreeceDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Occupational Therapy, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, GreeceDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Occupational Therapy, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, GreeceDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Occupational Therapy, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, GreeceDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Occupational Therapy, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, GreeceDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Occupational Therapy, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, GreeceThis case study aimed to evaluate the body composition and several biochemical markers during a 7-month pre-competition training period of a natural male bodybuilder. The athlete monitored his nutrition, training variables, and daily physical activity during the preparation phase. At the beginning (W31), in the middle (W18), and one week before the contest (W1), measurements included body composition via DEXA, testosterone and cortisol hormonal concentrations, and lipid, blood, and liver biochemical markers via an automated hematology analyzer. A gradual decrease in energy intake (−27.6%) and increased daily activity (169.0%) was found. Fat mass decreased from 17.9 kg (W31) to 13.1 kg (W18) and 4.2 kg (W1), while lean body mass decreased from 69.9 kg (W31) to 68.2 kg (W18) and 66.7 kg (W1). Bone density decreased linearly, and bone mass decreased from W31 to W1 by 1.7%. Testosterone decreased from 5.4 ng·mL<sup>−1</sup> (W31) to 5.3 ng·mL<sup>−1</sup> (W18) and 4.4 ng·mL<sup>−1</sup> (W1), while cortisol increased from 21.3 μg·dL<sup>−1</sup> (W31) to 20.3 μg·dL<sup>−1</sup> (W18) and 24.4 μg·dL<sup>−1</sup> (W1). In conclusion, a slow rate of weight loss and training with repetitions nearly to failure, combined with weekly monitoring of training and nutrition, may significantly improve body composition. However, hormone concentration and bone mass will experience mild negative effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/1/79bodybuildingmuscle massfat lossbiochemical profile |
| spellingShingle | Konstantinos Michailidis Nikolaos Zaras Dimitrios Balampanos Alexandra Avloniti Theodoros Stampoulis Maria Protopapa Dimitrios Pantazis Nikolaos-Orestis Retzepis Ilias Smilios Athanasios Chatzinikolaou Assessment of Body Composition, Bone Density, and Biochemical Markers of a Natural Bodybuilder During Contest Preparation Applied Sciences bodybuilding muscle mass fat loss biochemical profile |
| title | Assessment of Body Composition, Bone Density, and Biochemical Markers of a Natural Bodybuilder During Contest Preparation |
| title_full | Assessment of Body Composition, Bone Density, and Biochemical Markers of a Natural Bodybuilder During Contest Preparation |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Body Composition, Bone Density, and Biochemical Markers of a Natural Bodybuilder During Contest Preparation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Body Composition, Bone Density, and Biochemical Markers of a Natural Bodybuilder During Contest Preparation |
| title_short | Assessment of Body Composition, Bone Density, and Biochemical Markers of a Natural Bodybuilder During Contest Preparation |
| title_sort | assessment of body composition bone density and biochemical markers of a natural bodybuilder during contest preparation |
| topic | bodybuilding muscle mass fat loss biochemical profile |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/1/79 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT konstantinosmichailidis assessmentofbodycompositionbonedensityandbiochemicalmarkersofanaturalbodybuilderduringcontestpreparation AT nikolaoszaras assessmentofbodycompositionbonedensityandbiochemicalmarkersofanaturalbodybuilderduringcontestpreparation AT dimitriosbalampanos assessmentofbodycompositionbonedensityandbiochemicalmarkersofanaturalbodybuilderduringcontestpreparation AT alexandraavloniti assessmentofbodycompositionbonedensityandbiochemicalmarkersofanaturalbodybuilderduringcontestpreparation AT theodorosstampoulis assessmentofbodycompositionbonedensityandbiochemicalmarkersofanaturalbodybuilderduringcontestpreparation AT mariaprotopapa assessmentofbodycompositionbonedensityandbiochemicalmarkersofanaturalbodybuilderduringcontestpreparation AT dimitriospantazis assessmentofbodycompositionbonedensityandbiochemicalmarkersofanaturalbodybuilderduringcontestpreparation AT nikolaosorestisretzepis assessmentofbodycompositionbonedensityandbiochemicalmarkersofanaturalbodybuilderduringcontestpreparation AT iliassmilios assessmentofbodycompositionbonedensityandbiochemicalmarkersofanaturalbodybuilderduringcontestpreparation AT athanasioschatzinikolaou assessmentofbodycompositionbonedensityandbiochemicalmarkersofanaturalbodybuilderduringcontestpreparation |