Cardio-metabolic risk factors and insulin resistance

Background. The main cardiovascular risk factors have been investigated over the past few decades. Key factors include dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity. According to research data, it is important to examine the significance of the homeostasis model of insuli...

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Main Authors: O.Ye. Sklyarova, T.A. Maksymets, O.O. Kapustynskyi, I.A. Yuzych, O.S. Kapustynska, Ye.Ya. Sklyarov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Zaslavsky O.Yu. 2025-05-01
Series:Медицина неотложных состояний
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Online Access:https://emergency.zaslavsky.com.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/1870
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author O.Ye. Sklyarova
T.A. Maksymets
O.O. Kapustynskyi
I.A. Yuzych
O.S. Kapustynska
Ye.Ya. Sklyarov
author_facet O.Ye. Sklyarova
T.A. Maksymets
O.O. Kapustynskyi
I.A. Yuzych
O.S. Kapustynska
Ye.Ya. Sklyarov
author_sort O.Ye. Sklyarova
collection DOAJ
description Background. The main cardiovascular risk factors have been investigated over the past few decades. Key factors include dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity. According to research data, it is important to examine the significance of the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the Ukrainian population, particularly among individuals with cardio-metabolic risk factors that lead to the development of atherosclerotic, non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and metabolic complications. Materials and methods. One hundred and ninety-nine individuals were examined: 152 patients with stage I–II arterial hypertension (AH) and 47 individuals without any previously diagnosed diseases. All patients were stratified into six groups according to the number of components of metabolic syndrome (MetS): group 0 — no components of MetS (12 practically healthy individuals); group 1 — the presence of 1 component of MetS; group 2 — the presence of 2 components of MetS; group 3 — three-component MetS; group 4 — four-component MetS; group 5 — five-component MetS. Results. The involvement of a higher number of MetS components was associated with an increase in the IR marker — HOMA-IR. With an increase in the number of MetS components, the body mass index, waist circumference (WC), uric acid and glycemia indicators increased linearly. The incidence of prediabetes, hyperuricemia and AH increased linearly with an increase in the components of MetS. AH and abdominal obesity were early manifestations of metabolic changes. The statistical differences in cardiometabolic risk are more significant when the HOMA-IR exceeded 1.78. When the threshold was exceeded, a significant increase in WC, ttriglycerides, uric acid and C-reactive protein was found in the observed patient groups, and with HOMA-IR values > 3.89, the probability of detecting MetS signs significantly increases. Conclusions. With an increase in the components of MetS, even at the stage of its formation, an increase in the insulin resistance index — HOMA-IR was observed. Abdominal obesity and AH are the most common manifestations at the stage of MetS formation. The average HOMA-IR value of 3.89 aligns with the criteria of MetS, while HOMA-IR above 1.78 is associated with a significance of cardio-metabolic risk factors such as WC, triglycerides, uric acid and C-reactive protein.
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spelling doaj-art-6c1734d66a964089a35e1663cfe632f42025-08-20T03:56:45ZengZaslavsky O.Yu.Медицина неотложных состояний2224-05862307-12302025-05-0121327728310.22141/2224-0586.21.3.2025.18701870Cardio-metabolic risk factors and insulin resistanceO.Ye. Sklyarova0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3667-6304T.A. Maksymets1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2659-1083O.O. Kapustynskyi2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2027-2882I.A. Yuzych3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-1719O.S. Kapustynska4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3280-9141Ye.Ya. Sklyarov5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9037-0969Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, UkraineDanylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, UkraineDanylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, UkraineDanylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, UkraineDanylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, UkraineDanylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, UkraineBackground. The main cardiovascular risk factors have been investigated over the past few decades. Key factors include dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity. According to research data, it is important to examine the significance of the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the Ukrainian population, particularly among individuals with cardio-metabolic risk factors that lead to the development of atherosclerotic, non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and metabolic complications. Materials and methods. One hundred and ninety-nine individuals were examined: 152 patients with stage I–II arterial hypertension (AH) and 47 individuals without any previously diagnosed diseases. All patients were stratified into six groups according to the number of components of metabolic syndrome (MetS): group 0 — no components of MetS (12 practically healthy individuals); group 1 — the presence of 1 component of MetS; group 2 — the presence of 2 components of MetS; group 3 — three-component MetS; group 4 — four-component MetS; group 5 — five-component MetS. Results. The involvement of a higher number of MetS components was associated with an increase in the IR marker — HOMA-IR. With an increase in the number of MetS components, the body mass index, waist circumference (WC), uric acid and glycemia indicators increased linearly. The incidence of prediabetes, hyperuricemia and AH increased linearly with an increase in the components of MetS. AH and abdominal obesity were early manifestations of metabolic changes. The statistical differences in cardiometabolic risk are more significant when the HOMA-IR exceeded 1.78. When the threshold was exceeded, a significant increase in WC, ttriglycerides, uric acid and C-reactive protein was found in the observed patient groups, and with HOMA-IR values > 3.89, the probability of detecting MetS signs significantly increases. Conclusions. With an increase in the components of MetS, even at the stage of its formation, an increase in the insulin resistance index — HOMA-IR was observed. Abdominal obesity and AH are the most common manifestations at the stage of MetS formation. The average HOMA-IR value of 3.89 aligns with the criteria of MetS, while HOMA-IR above 1.78 is associated with a significance of cardio-metabolic risk factors such as WC, triglycerides, uric acid and C-reactive protein.https://emergency.zaslavsky.com.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/1870cardio-metabolic risk factorsinsulin resistance
spellingShingle O.Ye. Sklyarova
T.A. Maksymets
O.O. Kapustynskyi
I.A. Yuzych
O.S. Kapustynska
Ye.Ya. Sklyarov
Cardio-metabolic risk factors and insulin resistance
Медицина неотложных состояний
cardio-metabolic risk factors
insulin resistance
title Cardio-metabolic risk factors and insulin resistance
title_full Cardio-metabolic risk factors and insulin resistance
title_fullStr Cardio-metabolic risk factors and insulin resistance
title_full_unstemmed Cardio-metabolic risk factors and insulin resistance
title_short Cardio-metabolic risk factors and insulin resistance
title_sort cardio metabolic risk factors and insulin resistance
topic cardio-metabolic risk factors
insulin resistance
url https://emergency.zaslavsky.com.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/1870
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AT tamaksymets cardiometabolicriskfactorsandinsulinresistance
AT ookapustynskyi cardiometabolicriskfactorsandinsulinresistance
AT iayuzych cardiometabolicriskfactorsandinsulinresistance
AT oskapustynska cardiometabolicriskfactorsandinsulinresistance
AT yeyasklyarov cardiometabolicriskfactorsandinsulinresistance