Long COVID across SARS‐CoV‐2 variants: Clinical features, pathogenesis, and future directions
Abstract Long coronavirus disease (COVID) is characterized by persistent symptoms following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and has emerged as a significant health concern. As SARS‐CoV‐2 evolved from the wild‐type strain to the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron v...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-12-01
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| Series: | MedComm – Future Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/mef2.70004 |
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| _version_ | 1846108073498771456 |
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| author | Laurence Si Chong Lok Shuvam Sarkar Calista Chi In Lam Chak Fun Law Sin Teng Chau Chun Yip Thomas Leung Wai Hin Cheang Ting Li Olivia Monteiro Daniel Tomas Baptista‐Hon |
| author_facet | Laurence Si Chong Lok Shuvam Sarkar Calista Chi In Lam Chak Fun Law Sin Teng Chau Chun Yip Thomas Leung Wai Hin Cheang Ting Li Olivia Monteiro Daniel Tomas Baptista‐Hon |
| author_sort | Laurence Si Chong Lok |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Long coronavirus disease (COVID) is characterized by persistent symptoms following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and has emerged as a significant health concern. As SARS‐CoV‐2 evolved from the wild‐type strain to the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants, there may be a variant‐specific influence on long COVID akin to the acute disease. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of variant‐specific influences in long COVID incidence, symptom profile as well as mechanisms of pathogenesis. We highlight that long COVID incidence may be lower with the Omicron variants. The symptom profile of long COVID may also show some dependence on the different variants, with a reduction in cardiopulmonary symptoms with more recent SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. This heterogeneity of long COVID may also be related to the variant‐specific differences in affecting the immune system, viral persistence, and autoimmunity. However, emerging data also suggest that vaccinations may play a big role in shaping the presentation of long COVID. We also highlight ongoing work on long COVID incidence and symptom profiles in populations infected only by the Omicron variants. This will be beneficial toward more useful disease definitions and the development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6ab0719e751c4b4c8572f72d9e6b1b6d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2769-6456 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | MedComm – Future Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-6ab0719e751c4b4c8572f72d9e6b1b6d2024-12-26T05:16:29ZengWileyMedComm – Future Medicine2769-64562024-12-0134n/an/a10.1002/mef2.70004Long COVID across SARS‐CoV‐2 variants: Clinical features, pathogenesis, and future directionsLaurence Si Chong Lok0Shuvam Sarkar1Calista Chi In Lam2Chak Fun Law3Sin Teng Chau4Chun Yip Thomas Leung5Wai Hin Cheang6Ting Li7Olivia Monteiro8Daniel Tomas Baptista‐Hon9Faculty of Medicine Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR ChinaSchool of Medicine University of Dundee Dundee UKFaculty of Medicine Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR ChinaFaculty of Medicine Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR ChinaFaculty of Medicine Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR ChinaFaculty of Medicine Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR ChinaFaculty of Medicine Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR ChinaMacau Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR ChinaFaculty of Medicine Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR ChinaFaculty of Medicine Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR ChinaAbstract Long coronavirus disease (COVID) is characterized by persistent symptoms following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and has emerged as a significant health concern. As SARS‐CoV‐2 evolved from the wild‐type strain to the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants, there may be a variant‐specific influence on long COVID akin to the acute disease. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of variant‐specific influences in long COVID incidence, symptom profile as well as mechanisms of pathogenesis. We highlight that long COVID incidence may be lower with the Omicron variants. The symptom profile of long COVID may also show some dependence on the different variants, with a reduction in cardiopulmonary symptoms with more recent SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. This heterogeneity of long COVID may also be related to the variant‐specific differences in affecting the immune system, viral persistence, and autoimmunity. However, emerging data also suggest that vaccinations may play a big role in shaping the presentation of long COVID. We also highlight ongoing work on long COVID incidence and symptom profiles in populations infected only by the Omicron variants. This will be beneficial toward more useful disease definitions and the development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.https://doi.org/10.1002/mef2.70004chronic fatigue syndromeslong‐haul COVIDPASCpostacute COVID‐19 syndrome |
| spellingShingle | Laurence Si Chong Lok Shuvam Sarkar Calista Chi In Lam Chak Fun Law Sin Teng Chau Chun Yip Thomas Leung Wai Hin Cheang Ting Li Olivia Monteiro Daniel Tomas Baptista‐Hon Long COVID across SARS‐CoV‐2 variants: Clinical features, pathogenesis, and future directions MedComm – Future Medicine chronic fatigue syndromes long‐haul COVID PASC postacute COVID‐19 syndrome |
| title | Long COVID across SARS‐CoV‐2 variants: Clinical features, pathogenesis, and future directions |
| title_full | Long COVID across SARS‐CoV‐2 variants: Clinical features, pathogenesis, and future directions |
| title_fullStr | Long COVID across SARS‐CoV‐2 variants: Clinical features, pathogenesis, and future directions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long COVID across SARS‐CoV‐2 variants: Clinical features, pathogenesis, and future directions |
| title_short | Long COVID across SARS‐CoV‐2 variants: Clinical features, pathogenesis, and future directions |
| title_sort | long covid across sars cov 2 variants clinical features pathogenesis and future directions |
| topic | chronic fatigue syndromes long‐haul COVID PASC postacute COVID‐19 syndrome |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/mef2.70004 |
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