Bioprinted Hydrogels as Vehicles for the Application of Extracellular Vesicles in Regenerative Medicine
Three-dimensional bioprinting is a new advance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Bioprinting allows manufacturing three-dimensional (3D) structures that mimic tissues or organs. The bioinks used are mainly made of natural or synthetic polymers that must be biocompatible, printable, an...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/3/191 |
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| author | Marta Camacho-Cardenosa Victoria Pulido-Escribano Guadalupe Estrella-Guisado Gabriel Dorado Aura D. Herrera-Martínez María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno Antonio Casado-Díaz |
| author_facet | Marta Camacho-Cardenosa Victoria Pulido-Escribano Guadalupe Estrella-Guisado Gabriel Dorado Aura D. Herrera-Martínez María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno Antonio Casado-Díaz |
| author_sort | Marta Camacho-Cardenosa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Three-dimensional bioprinting is a new advance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Bioprinting allows manufacturing three-dimensional (3D) structures that mimic tissues or organs. The bioinks used are mainly made of natural or synthetic polymers that must be biocompatible, printable, and biodegradable. These bioinks may incorporate progenitor cells, favoring graft implantation and regeneration of injured tissues. However, the natures of biomaterials, bioprinting processes, a lack of vascularization, and immune responses are factors that limit the viability and functionality of implanted cells and the regeneration of damaged tissues. These limitations can be addressed by incorporating extracellular vesicles (EV) into bioinks. Indeed, EV from progenitor cells may have regenerative capacities, being similar to those of their source cells. Therefore, their combinations with biomaterials can be used in cell-free therapies. Likewise, they can complement the manufacture of bioinks by increasing the viability, differentiation, and regenerative ability of incorporated cells. Thus, the main objective of this review is to show how the use of 3D bioprinting technology can be used for the application of EV in regenerative medicine by incorporating these nanovesicles into hydrogels used as bioinks. To this end, the latest advances derived from in vitro and in vivo studies have been described. Together, these studies show the high therapeutic potential of this strategy in regenerative medicine. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6a5c8f49ced04b9b86eee4d97042a2d2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj-art-6a5c8f49ced04b9b86eee4d97042a2d22025-08-20T03:43:03ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612025-03-0111319110.3390/gels11030191Bioprinted Hydrogels as Vehicles for the Application of Extracellular Vesicles in Regenerative MedicineMarta Camacho-Cardenosa0Victoria Pulido-Escribano1Guadalupe Estrella-Guisado2Gabriel Dorado3Aura D. Herrera-Martínez4María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno5Antonio Casado-Díaz6Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, SpainUnidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, SpainUnidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, SpainDepartamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, SpainUnidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, SpainUnidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, SpainUnidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, SpainThree-dimensional bioprinting is a new advance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Bioprinting allows manufacturing three-dimensional (3D) structures that mimic tissues or organs. The bioinks used are mainly made of natural or synthetic polymers that must be biocompatible, printable, and biodegradable. These bioinks may incorporate progenitor cells, favoring graft implantation and regeneration of injured tissues. However, the natures of biomaterials, bioprinting processes, a lack of vascularization, and immune responses are factors that limit the viability and functionality of implanted cells and the regeneration of damaged tissues. These limitations can be addressed by incorporating extracellular vesicles (EV) into bioinks. Indeed, EV from progenitor cells may have regenerative capacities, being similar to those of their source cells. Therefore, their combinations with biomaterials can be used in cell-free therapies. Likewise, they can complement the manufacture of bioinks by increasing the viability, differentiation, and regenerative ability of incorporated cells. Thus, the main objective of this review is to show how the use of 3D bioprinting technology can be used for the application of EV in regenerative medicine by incorporating these nanovesicles into hydrogels used as bioinks. To this end, the latest advances derived from in vitro and in vivo studies have been described. Together, these studies show the high therapeutic potential of this strategy in regenerative medicine.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/3/1913D bioprintingextracellular vesiclestissue engineeringregenerative medicinehydrogelsbioinks |
| spellingShingle | Marta Camacho-Cardenosa Victoria Pulido-Escribano Guadalupe Estrella-Guisado Gabriel Dorado Aura D. Herrera-Martínez María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno Antonio Casado-Díaz Bioprinted Hydrogels as Vehicles for the Application of Extracellular Vesicles in Regenerative Medicine Gels 3D bioprinting extracellular vesicles tissue engineering regenerative medicine hydrogels bioinks |
| title | Bioprinted Hydrogels as Vehicles for the Application of Extracellular Vesicles in Regenerative Medicine |
| title_full | Bioprinted Hydrogels as Vehicles for the Application of Extracellular Vesicles in Regenerative Medicine |
| title_fullStr | Bioprinted Hydrogels as Vehicles for the Application of Extracellular Vesicles in Regenerative Medicine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioprinted Hydrogels as Vehicles for the Application of Extracellular Vesicles in Regenerative Medicine |
| title_short | Bioprinted Hydrogels as Vehicles for the Application of Extracellular Vesicles in Regenerative Medicine |
| title_sort | bioprinted hydrogels as vehicles for the application of extracellular vesicles in regenerative medicine |
| topic | 3D bioprinting extracellular vesicles tissue engineering regenerative medicine hydrogels bioinks |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/3/191 |
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