Understanding the Epidemiology of Monkeypox Virus to Prevent Future Outbreaks

Monkeypox (Mpox) is an infectious disease caused by the Mpox virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus in the Poxviridae family and has been declared by the WHO as a global health emergency owing to its rapid spread during 2022 and 2023. All patients diagnosed with Mpox who were confirmed by PCR be...

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Main Authors: Jimmy Steven Velásquez, Fabiola Beatriz Herrera-Echeverría, Héctor Salvador Porres-Paredes, Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/12/2576
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author Jimmy Steven Velásquez
Fabiola Beatriz Herrera-Echeverría
Héctor Salvador Porres-Paredes
Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira
author_facet Jimmy Steven Velásquez
Fabiola Beatriz Herrera-Echeverría
Héctor Salvador Porres-Paredes
Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira
author_sort Jimmy Steven Velásquez
collection DOAJ
description Monkeypox (Mpox) is an infectious disease caused by the Mpox virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus in the Poxviridae family and has been declared by the WHO as a global health emergency owing to its rapid spread during 2022 and 2023. All patients diagnosed with Mpox who were confirmed by PCR between July 2022 and April 2023 were included in this study. In total, 405 patients in whom clade 2 was identified were included. Notably, 99% of included patients were men, with 82% of them aged 20–39 years. Furthermore, 71% were men who had sex with men, and 34% were HIV carriers. Regarding the morphology of the lesions, approximately 63% presented with papulonecrotic rash, which sometimes alternated with pustules depending on the stage they were in. All patients presented with systemic symptoms. Five patients required hospital admission, one of whom died, and presented with HIV and severe immunosuppression. Clinical findings suggest that contact during sexual intercourse is the most likely transmission mechanism and genital involvement is the most frequent clinical form. HIV was the primary comorbidity. Genital lesions were common, especially in vulnerable populations such as those who engage in high-risk sexual behaviors.
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spelling doaj-art-6a2649e3f9e548e98f9529ab63ae55b92024-12-27T14:41:36ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-12-011212257610.3390/microorganisms12122576Understanding the Epidemiology of Monkeypox Virus to Prevent Future OutbreaksJimmy Steven Velásquez0Fabiola Beatriz Herrera-Echeverría1Héctor Salvador Porres-Paredes2Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira3Dermatology Department, Hospital Regional de Occidente San Juan de Dios, Quetzaltenango 09001, GuatemalaDermatology Department, Hospital General San Juan de Dios, Guatemala 01001, GuatemalaDermatology Department, Hospital Regional de Occidente San Juan de Dios, Quetzaltenango 09001, GuatemalaFundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitalario Vithas, 28043 Madrid, SpainMonkeypox (Mpox) is an infectious disease caused by the Mpox virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus in the Poxviridae family and has been declared by the WHO as a global health emergency owing to its rapid spread during 2022 and 2023. All patients diagnosed with Mpox who were confirmed by PCR between July 2022 and April 2023 were included in this study. In total, 405 patients in whom clade 2 was identified were included. Notably, 99% of included patients were men, with 82% of them aged 20–39 years. Furthermore, 71% were men who had sex with men, and 34% were HIV carriers. Regarding the morphology of the lesions, approximately 63% presented with papulonecrotic rash, which sometimes alternated with pustules depending on the stage they were in. All patients presented with systemic symptoms. Five patients required hospital admission, one of whom died, and presented with HIV and severe immunosuppression. Clinical findings suggest that contact during sexual intercourse is the most likely transmission mechanism and genital involvement is the most frequent clinical form. HIV was the primary comorbidity. Genital lesions were common, especially in vulnerable populations such as those who engage in high-risk sexual behaviors.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/12/2576monkeypoxMSMHIVgenital ulcers
spellingShingle Jimmy Steven Velásquez
Fabiola Beatriz Herrera-Echeverría
Héctor Salvador Porres-Paredes
Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira
Understanding the Epidemiology of Monkeypox Virus to Prevent Future Outbreaks
Microorganisms
monkeypox
MSM
HIV
genital ulcers
title Understanding the Epidemiology of Monkeypox Virus to Prevent Future Outbreaks
title_full Understanding the Epidemiology of Monkeypox Virus to Prevent Future Outbreaks
title_fullStr Understanding the Epidemiology of Monkeypox Virus to Prevent Future Outbreaks
title_full_unstemmed Understanding the Epidemiology of Monkeypox Virus to Prevent Future Outbreaks
title_short Understanding the Epidemiology of Monkeypox Virus to Prevent Future Outbreaks
title_sort understanding the epidemiology of monkeypox virus to prevent future outbreaks
topic monkeypox
MSM
HIV
genital ulcers
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/12/2576
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