Leveraging Federated Satellite Systems for Unmanned Medical Evacuation on the Battlefield

This paper evaluates the role of federated satellite systems (FSSs) in enhancing unmanned vehicle-supported military medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) missions. An FSS integrates multiple satellite systems, thus improving imaging and communication capabilities compared with standalone satellite systems....

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Main Authors: Kasper Halme, Oskari Kirjamäki, Samuli Pietarinen, Mikko Majanen, Kai Virtanen, Marko Höyhtyä
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/6/1655
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author Kasper Halme
Oskari Kirjamäki
Samuli Pietarinen
Mikko Majanen
Kai Virtanen
Marko Höyhtyä
author_facet Kasper Halme
Oskari Kirjamäki
Samuli Pietarinen
Mikko Majanen
Kai Virtanen
Marko Höyhtyä
author_sort Kasper Halme
collection DOAJ
description This paper evaluates the role of federated satellite systems (FSSs) in enhancing unmanned vehicle-supported military medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) missions. An FSS integrates multiple satellite systems, thus improving imaging and communication capabilities compared with standalone satellite systems. A simulation model is developed for a MEDEVAC mission where the FSS control of an unmanned aerial vehicle is distributed across different countries. The model is utilized in a simulation experiment in which the capabilities of the federated and standalone systems in MEDEVAC are compared. The performance of these systems is evaluated by using the most meaningful metrics, i.e., mission duration and data latency, for evacuation to enable life-saving procedures. The simulation results indicate that the FSS, using low-Earth-orbit constellations, outperforms standalone satellite systems. The use of the FSS leads to faster response times for urgent evacuations and low latency for the real-time control of unmanned vehicles, enabling advanced remote medical procedures. These findings suggest that investing in hybrid satellite architectures and fostering international collaboration promote scalability, interoperability, and frequent-imaging opportunities. Such features of satellite systems are vital to enhancing unmanned vehicle-supported MEDEVAC missions in combat zones.
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institution Kabale University
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language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-6a195bf92f3f4890b420d9b3d2e3b5342025-08-20T03:43:54ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-03-01256165510.3390/s25061655Leveraging Federated Satellite Systems for Unmanned Medical Evacuation on the BattlefieldKasper Halme0Oskari Kirjamäki1Samuli Pietarinen2Mikko Majanen3Kai Virtanen4Marko Höyhtyä5Department of Military Technology, Finnish National Defence University, 00861 Helsinki, FinlandSafe and Connected Society, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 02044 Espoo, FinlandSafe and Connected Society, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 02044 Espoo, FinlandSafe and Connected Society, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 02044 Espoo, FinlandDepartment of Military Technology, Finnish National Defence University, 00861 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Military Technology, Finnish National Defence University, 00861 Helsinki, FinlandThis paper evaluates the role of federated satellite systems (FSSs) in enhancing unmanned vehicle-supported military medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) missions. An FSS integrates multiple satellite systems, thus improving imaging and communication capabilities compared with standalone satellite systems. A simulation model is developed for a MEDEVAC mission where the FSS control of an unmanned aerial vehicle is distributed across different countries. The model is utilized in a simulation experiment in which the capabilities of the federated and standalone systems in MEDEVAC are compared. The performance of these systems is evaluated by using the most meaningful metrics, i.e., mission duration and data latency, for evacuation to enable life-saving procedures. The simulation results indicate that the FSS, using low-Earth-orbit constellations, outperforms standalone satellite systems. The use of the FSS leads to faster response times for urgent evacuations and low latency for the real-time control of unmanned vehicles, enabling advanced remote medical procedures. These findings suggest that investing in hybrid satellite architectures and fostering international collaboration promote scalability, interoperability, and frequent-imaging opportunities. Such features of satellite systems are vital to enhancing unmanned vehicle-supported MEDEVAC missions in combat zones.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/6/1655federated systemsmedical evacuationsatellitessimulationunmanned vehicles
spellingShingle Kasper Halme
Oskari Kirjamäki
Samuli Pietarinen
Mikko Majanen
Kai Virtanen
Marko Höyhtyä
Leveraging Federated Satellite Systems for Unmanned Medical Evacuation on the Battlefield
Sensors
federated systems
medical evacuation
satellites
simulation
unmanned vehicles
title Leveraging Federated Satellite Systems for Unmanned Medical Evacuation on the Battlefield
title_full Leveraging Federated Satellite Systems for Unmanned Medical Evacuation on the Battlefield
title_fullStr Leveraging Federated Satellite Systems for Unmanned Medical Evacuation on the Battlefield
title_full_unstemmed Leveraging Federated Satellite Systems for Unmanned Medical Evacuation on the Battlefield
title_short Leveraging Federated Satellite Systems for Unmanned Medical Evacuation on the Battlefield
title_sort leveraging federated satellite systems for unmanned medical evacuation on the battlefield
topic federated systems
medical evacuation
satellites
simulation
unmanned vehicles
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/6/1655
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