Estimating time and frequency under imperfect channel knowledge using ECM and SAGE algorithms in multi-relay cooperative networks
Abstract The OFDM system is popular due to its broadband capabilities, but because it employs the multicarrier concept, synchronization issues may arise. These errors are caused by the incompatibility of the transmitted and received signals. The performance of multiple relay cooperative systems is a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2025-01-01
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| Series: | EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-024-02418-9 |
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| _version_ | 1841559886514618368 |
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| author | Ezhilazhagan Chenguttuvan Lakshmi Prabha Karuppiah Karuppanan Sakthisudhan |
| author_facet | Ezhilazhagan Chenguttuvan Lakshmi Prabha Karuppiah Karuppanan Sakthisudhan |
| author_sort | Ezhilazhagan Chenguttuvan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The OFDM system is popular due to its broadband capabilities, but because it employs the multicarrier concept, synchronization issues may arise. These errors are caused by the incompatibility of the transmitted and received signals. The performance of multiple relay cooperative systems is assessed in this study using receiver compensation and estimation of multicarrier frequency offsets (MCFOs) and multiple timing offsets (MTOs). To demonstrate improved bit error rate (BER) performance, MCFOs and MTOs should be treated with less computational complexity. At the receiver end, the maximum likelihood (ML) approach is used to decode data and estimate offsets. The ML approach estimates using the ECM and SAGE algorithms. In terms of BER and SNR after estimation, the SAGE algorithm outperforms the ECM approach. A performance analysis of the estimated time and carrier frequency offsets was performed using the ECM and SAGE algorithms. Furthermore, the statistical percentage difference demonstrates that the maximum probability strategy for compensating the CFO and TO is effective. The statistical percentage difference underscores the effectiveness of compensating CFO and TO through ECM and SAGE algorithm within the maximum likelihood framework. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6a1355fc5bb1431685a59da7d1b4fb9e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-1499 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking |
| spelling | doaj-art-6a1355fc5bb1431685a59da7d1b4fb9e2025-01-05T12:05:04ZengSpringerOpenEURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking1687-14992025-01-012025111810.1186/s13638-024-02418-9Estimating time and frequency under imperfect channel knowledge using ECM and SAGE algorithms in multi-relay cooperative networksEzhilazhagan Chenguttuvan0Lakshmi Prabha Karuppiah1Karuppanan Sakthisudhan2Department of ECE, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and TechnologyDepartment of ECE, Chennai Institute of TechnologyDepartment of ECE, Dr.N.G.P. Institute of TechnologyAbstract The OFDM system is popular due to its broadband capabilities, but because it employs the multicarrier concept, synchronization issues may arise. These errors are caused by the incompatibility of the transmitted and received signals. The performance of multiple relay cooperative systems is assessed in this study using receiver compensation and estimation of multicarrier frequency offsets (MCFOs) and multiple timing offsets (MTOs). To demonstrate improved bit error rate (BER) performance, MCFOs and MTOs should be treated with less computational complexity. At the receiver end, the maximum likelihood (ML) approach is used to decode data and estimate offsets. The ML approach estimates using the ECM and SAGE algorithms. In terms of BER and SNR after estimation, the SAGE algorithm outperforms the ECM approach. A performance analysis of the estimated time and carrier frequency offsets was performed using the ECM and SAGE algorithms. Furthermore, the statistical percentage difference demonstrates that the maximum probability strategy for compensating the CFO and TO is effective. The statistical percentage difference underscores the effectiveness of compensating CFO and TO through ECM and SAGE algorithm within the maximum likelihood framework.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-024-02418-9ECMSAGEFrequency offsetsCarrier offsetsOFDMMaximum likelihood |
| spellingShingle | Ezhilazhagan Chenguttuvan Lakshmi Prabha Karuppiah Karuppanan Sakthisudhan Estimating time and frequency under imperfect channel knowledge using ECM and SAGE algorithms in multi-relay cooperative networks EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking ECM SAGE Frequency offsets Carrier offsets OFDM Maximum likelihood |
| title | Estimating time and frequency under imperfect channel knowledge using ECM and SAGE algorithms in multi-relay cooperative networks |
| title_full | Estimating time and frequency under imperfect channel knowledge using ECM and SAGE algorithms in multi-relay cooperative networks |
| title_fullStr | Estimating time and frequency under imperfect channel knowledge using ECM and SAGE algorithms in multi-relay cooperative networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimating time and frequency under imperfect channel knowledge using ECM and SAGE algorithms in multi-relay cooperative networks |
| title_short | Estimating time and frequency under imperfect channel knowledge using ECM and SAGE algorithms in multi-relay cooperative networks |
| title_sort | estimating time and frequency under imperfect channel knowledge using ecm and sage algorithms in multi relay cooperative networks |
| topic | ECM SAGE Frequency offsets Carrier offsets OFDM Maximum likelihood |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-024-02418-9 |
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