Association between blood lead levels and constipation in adults: insights from NHANES data (2005–2010)

Abstract Background Constipation is a common health issue affecting quality of life. While environmental factors like lead exposure may influence gastrointestinal function, the link between blood lead levels and constipation is underexplored. This study, based on NHANES data, investigates the associ...

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Main Authors: Yue-Juan Li, Hui Dong, Wen-Xing Chen, Deng-Chao Wang, Miao Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Gastroenterology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04029-0
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author Yue-Juan Li
Hui Dong
Wen-Xing Chen
Deng-Chao Wang
Miao Yu
author_facet Yue-Juan Li
Hui Dong
Wen-Xing Chen
Deng-Chao Wang
Miao Yu
author_sort Yue-Juan Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Constipation is a common health issue affecting quality of life. While environmental factors like lead exposure may influence gastrointestinal function, the link between blood lead levels and constipation is underexplored. This study, based on NHANES data, investigates the association between blood lead levels and constipation prevalence in adults. Methods This study analyzed NHANES data from adults aged 20 years and above, collected between 2005 and 2010. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the association between blood lead levels and constipation prevalence, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, gender, and race. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was used to explore the nonlinear trends in the association between blood lead levels and constipation, and subgroup analyses were conducted to examine potential interactions among subgroups. Results A total of 13,992 adults were included in the analysis. The results showed a significant inverse association between blood lead levels and the prevalence of constipation after full adjustment for potential confounders (Model 3) (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98; P = 0.02). Quartile analysis also revealed that participants in the Q4 group had a significantly lower odds of having constipation compared to those in the Q1 group (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.53–0.93; P = 0.01). RCS analysis confirmed a nonlinear inverse association between blood lead levels and the prevalence of constipation (nonlinearity P < 0.01). Subgroup analyses did not reveal any significant interactions. Conclusion This study demonstrates that higher blood lead levels are associated with a lower prevalence of constipation, contradicting traditional views. This may suggest a complex mechanism of lead’s impact on gastrointestinal function. Future research should further explore the causal relationship and potential biological mechanisms between blood lead and constipation.
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spelling doaj-art-6963e4257d0a4f47bae8ce24b0c077c12025-08-20T03:45:32ZengBMCBMC Gastroenterology1471-230X2025-07-0125111210.1186/s12876-025-04029-0Association between blood lead levels and constipation in adults: insights from NHANES data (2005–2010)Yue-Juan Li0Hui Dong1Wen-Xing Chen2Deng-Chao Wang3Miao Yu4Department of General Surgery, Zigong Fourth People’s HospitalDepartment of General Surgery, Zigong Fourth People’s HospitalDepartment of General Surgery, Zigong Fourth People’s HospitalDepartment of General Surgery, Zigong Fourth People’s HospitalDepartment of Basic Medicine, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and RehabilitationAbstract Background Constipation is a common health issue affecting quality of life. While environmental factors like lead exposure may influence gastrointestinal function, the link between blood lead levels and constipation is underexplored. This study, based on NHANES data, investigates the association between blood lead levels and constipation prevalence in adults. Methods This study analyzed NHANES data from adults aged 20 years and above, collected between 2005 and 2010. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the association between blood lead levels and constipation prevalence, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, gender, and race. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was used to explore the nonlinear trends in the association between blood lead levels and constipation, and subgroup analyses were conducted to examine potential interactions among subgroups. Results A total of 13,992 adults were included in the analysis. The results showed a significant inverse association between blood lead levels and the prevalence of constipation after full adjustment for potential confounders (Model 3) (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98; P = 0.02). Quartile analysis also revealed that participants in the Q4 group had a significantly lower odds of having constipation compared to those in the Q1 group (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.53–0.93; P = 0.01). RCS analysis confirmed a nonlinear inverse association between blood lead levels and the prevalence of constipation (nonlinearity P < 0.01). Subgroup analyses did not reveal any significant interactions. Conclusion This study demonstrates that higher blood lead levels are associated with a lower prevalence of constipation, contradicting traditional views. This may suggest a complex mechanism of lead’s impact on gastrointestinal function. Future research should further explore the causal relationship and potential biological mechanisms between blood lead and constipation.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04029-0ConstipationBlood leadNHANESMultivariable logistic regression
spellingShingle Yue-Juan Li
Hui Dong
Wen-Xing Chen
Deng-Chao Wang
Miao Yu
Association between blood lead levels and constipation in adults: insights from NHANES data (2005–2010)
BMC Gastroenterology
Constipation
Blood lead
NHANES
Multivariable logistic regression
title Association between blood lead levels and constipation in adults: insights from NHANES data (2005–2010)
title_full Association between blood lead levels and constipation in adults: insights from NHANES data (2005–2010)
title_fullStr Association between blood lead levels and constipation in adults: insights from NHANES data (2005–2010)
title_full_unstemmed Association between blood lead levels and constipation in adults: insights from NHANES data (2005–2010)
title_short Association between blood lead levels and constipation in adults: insights from NHANES data (2005–2010)
title_sort association between blood lead levels and constipation in adults insights from nhanes data 2005 2010
topic Constipation
Blood lead
NHANES
Multivariable logistic regression
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04029-0
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