Long-Baseline Real-Time Kinematic Positioning: Utilizing Kalman Filtering and Partial Ambiguity Resolution with Dual-Frequency Signals from BDS, GPS, and Galileo

This study addresses the challenges associated with single-system long-baseline real-time kinematic (RTK) navigation, including limited positioning accuracy, inconsistent signal reception, and significant residual atmospheric errors following double-difference corrections. This study explores the ef...

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Main Authors: Deying Yu, Houpu Li, Zhiguo Wang, Shuguang Wu, Yi Liu, Kaizhong Ju, Chen Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Aerospace
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/11/12/970
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author Deying Yu
Houpu Li
Zhiguo Wang
Shuguang Wu
Yi Liu
Kaizhong Ju
Chen Zhu
author_facet Deying Yu
Houpu Li
Zhiguo Wang
Shuguang Wu
Yi Liu
Kaizhong Ju
Chen Zhu
author_sort Deying Yu
collection DOAJ
description This study addresses the challenges associated with single-system long-baseline real-time kinematic (RTK) navigation, including limited positioning accuracy, inconsistent signal reception, and significant residual atmospheric errors following double-difference corrections. This study explores the effectiveness of long-baseline RTK navigation using an integrated system of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), Global Positioning System (GPS), and Galileo Satellite Navigation System (Galileo). A long-baseline RTK approach that incorporates Kalman filtering and partial ambiguity resolution is applied. Initially, error models are used to correct ionospheric and tropospheric delays. The zenith tropospheric and inclined ionospheric delays and additional atmospheric error components are then regarded as unknown parameters. These parameters are estimated together with the position and ambiguity parameters via Kalman filtering. A two-step method based on a success rate threshold is employed to resolve partial ambiguity. Data from five long-baseline IGS monitoring stations and real-time measurements from a ship were employed for the dual-frequency RTK positioning experiments. The findings indicate that integrating additional GNSSs beyond the BDS considerably enhances both the navigation precision and the rate of ambiguity resolution. At the IGS stations, the integration of the BDS, GPS, and Galileo achieved navigation precisions of 2.0 cm in the North, 5.1 cm in the East, and 5.3 cm in the Up direction while maintaining a fixed resolution exceeding 94.34%. With a fixed resolution of Up to 99.93%, the integration of BDS and GPS provides horizontal and vertical precision within centimeters in maritime contexts. Therefore, the proposed approach achieves precise positioning capabilities for the rover while significantly increasing the rate of successful ambiguity resolution in long-range scenarios, thereby enhancing its practical use and exhibiting substantial application potential.
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spelling doaj-art-68ee9b8cc61b4f2e9bf1be9f7ab138cf2024-12-27T14:02:24ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102024-11-01111297010.3390/aerospace11120970Long-Baseline Real-Time Kinematic Positioning: Utilizing Kalman Filtering and Partial Ambiguity Resolution with Dual-Frequency Signals from BDS, GPS, and GalileoDeying Yu0Houpu Li1Zhiguo Wang2Shuguang Wu3Yi Liu4Kaizhong Ju5Chen Zhu6School of Electrical Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, ChinaDepartment of Operational Research and Planning, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430000, ChinaGeneral Room of Military Vocational Education Center, Naval Staff, Beijing 100841, ChinaDepartment of Management Engineering and Equipment Economics, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, ChinaThis study addresses the challenges associated with single-system long-baseline real-time kinematic (RTK) navigation, including limited positioning accuracy, inconsistent signal reception, and significant residual atmospheric errors following double-difference corrections. This study explores the effectiveness of long-baseline RTK navigation using an integrated system of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), Global Positioning System (GPS), and Galileo Satellite Navigation System (Galileo). A long-baseline RTK approach that incorporates Kalman filtering and partial ambiguity resolution is applied. Initially, error models are used to correct ionospheric and tropospheric delays. The zenith tropospheric and inclined ionospheric delays and additional atmospheric error components are then regarded as unknown parameters. These parameters are estimated together with the position and ambiguity parameters via Kalman filtering. A two-step method based on a success rate threshold is employed to resolve partial ambiguity. Data from five long-baseline IGS monitoring stations and real-time measurements from a ship were employed for the dual-frequency RTK positioning experiments. The findings indicate that integrating additional GNSSs beyond the BDS considerably enhances both the navigation precision and the rate of ambiguity resolution. At the IGS stations, the integration of the BDS, GPS, and Galileo achieved navigation precisions of 2.0 cm in the North, 5.1 cm in the East, and 5.3 cm in the Up direction while maintaining a fixed resolution exceeding 94.34%. With a fixed resolution of Up to 99.93%, the integration of BDS and GPS provides horizontal and vertical precision within centimeters in maritime contexts. Therefore, the proposed approach achieves precise positioning capabilities for the rover while significantly increasing the rate of successful ambiguity resolution in long-range scenarios, thereby enhancing its practical use and exhibiting substantial application potential.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/11/12/970long-baseline real-time kinematic positioningmulti-system integrationzenith tropospheric delayinclined ionospheric delaypartial ambiguity resolution
spellingShingle Deying Yu
Houpu Li
Zhiguo Wang
Shuguang Wu
Yi Liu
Kaizhong Ju
Chen Zhu
Long-Baseline Real-Time Kinematic Positioning: Utilizing Kalman Filtering and Partial Ambiguity Resolution with Dual-Frequency Signals from BDS, GPS, and Galileo
Aerospace
long-baseline real-time kinematic positioning
multi-system integration
zenith tropospheric delay
inclined ionospheric delay
partial ambiguity resolution
title Long-Baseline Real-Time Kinematic Positioning: Utilizing Kalman Filtering and Partial Ambiguity Resolution with Dual-Frequency Signals from BDS, GPS, and Galileo
title_full Long-Baseline Real-Time Kinematic Positioning: Utilizing Kalman Filtering and Partial Ambiguity Resolution with Dual-Frequency Signals from BDS, GPS, and Galileo
title_fullStr Long-Baseline Real-Time Kinematic Positioning: Utilizing Kalman Filtering and Partial Ambiguity Resolution with Dual-Frequency Signals from BDS, GPS, and Galileo
title_full_unstemmed Long-Baseline Real-Time Kinematic Positioning: Utilizing Kalman Filtering and Partial Ambiguity Resolution with Dual-Frequency Signals from BDS, GPS, and Galileo
title_short Long-Baseline Real-Time Kinematic Positioning: Utilizing Kalman Filtering and Partial Ambiguity Resolution with Dual-Frequency Signals from BDS, GPS, and Galileo
title_sort long baseline real time kinematic positioning utilizing kalman filtering and partial ambiguity resolution with dual frequency signals from bds gps and galileo
topic long-baseline real-time kinematic positioning
multi-system integration
zenith tropospheric delay
inclined ionospheric delay
partial ambiguity resolution
url https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/11/12/970
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