Effects of PM2.5 exposure and air temperature on risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence from a prospective cohort study
Background and aimsEvidence from extensive cohort studies about the individual and combined associations of air pollution and air temperature with cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity is limited. This study aimed to examine the long-term effects of PM2.5 exposure and air temperature on CVD based o...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1487034/full |
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| author | Zhihang Zhang Ran An Haoyan Guo Xuanru Yang |
| author_facet | Zhihang Zhang Ran An Haoyan Guo Xuanru Yang |
| author_sort | Zhihang Zhang |
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| description | Background and aimsEvidence from extensive cohort studies about the individual and combined associations of air pollution and air temperature with cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity is limited. This study aimed to examine the long-term effects of PM2.5 exposure and air temperature on CVD based on a cohort study of middle-aged and older populations in China.MethodsA total of 9,316 non-CVD adults (≥40 years old) who joined the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study between 2011 and 2018 were included in our analysis. The two-year average PM2.5 concentration and air temperature of the city where participants lived were calculated. The Cox proportional hazards model was conducted to analyze the associations of PM2.5 exposure and air temperature with CVD morbidity.ResultsIn the multivariable-adjusted model, each 10 μg/m3 rise in 2-y PM2.5 concentration was associated with an increased risk of developing CVD (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–1.32). Compared with individuals in the bearable temperature group, those with low temperatures had a higher risk of CVD (HR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.53–2.04). Stratified analyses found that cardiovascular metabolic risk factors could not change these associations. Compared with individuals in the low-level PM2.5 exposure and bearable temperature group, those in the high-level PM2.5 exposure and low-temperature group had a 7.08 times higher risk of CVD (95% CI: 5.55–9.03).ConclusionLong-term PM2.5 exposure and low air temperature are associated with a higher risk of CVD. Consequently, efforts to reduce air pollution and enhance protection against cold temperatures are vital for mitigating CVD risk. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-68bab0c186e842b1bf74ddaafb4ec6a4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-68bab0c186e842b1bf74ddaafb4ec6a42025-01-08T06:11:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-01-011210.3389/fpubh.2024.14870341487034Effects of PM2.5 exposure and air temperature on risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence from a prospective cohort studyZhihang Zhang0Ran An1Haoyan Guo2Xuanru Yang3Department of Gynecology, Beijing Hepingli Hospital, Beijing, ChinaChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaNational Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaGraduate School of the First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaBackground and aimsEvidence from extensive cohort studies about the individual and combined associations of air pollution and air temperature with cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity is limited. This study aimed to examine the long-term effects of PM2.5 exposure and air temperature on CVD based on a cohort study of middle-aged and older populations in China.MethodsA total of 9,316 non-CVD adults (≥40 years old) who joined the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study between 2011 and 2018 were included in our analysis. The two-year average PM2.5 concentration and air temperature of the city where participants lived were calculated. The Cox proportional hazards model was conducted to analyze the associations of PM2.5 exposure and air temperature with CVD morbidity.ResultsIn the multivariable-adjusted model, each 10 μg/m3 rise in 2-y PM2.5 concentration was associated with an increased risk of developing CVD (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–1.32). Compared with individuals in the bearable temperature group, those with low temperatures had a higher risk of CVD (HR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.53–2.04). Stratified analyses found that cardiovascular metabolic risk factors could not change these associations. Compared with individuals in the low-level PM2.5 exposure and bearable temperature group, those in the high-level PM2.5 exposure and low-temperature group had a 7.08 times higher risk of CVD (95% CI: 5.55–9.03).ConclusionLong-term PM2.5 exposure and low air temperature are associated with a higher risk of CVD. Consequently, efforts to reduce air pollution and enhance protection against cold temperatures are vital for mitigating CVD risk.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1487034/fullair pollutiontemperaturePM2.5cardiovascular diseasecohort study |
| spellingShingle | Zhihang Zhang Ran An Haoyan Guo Xuanru Yang Effects of PM2.5 exposure and air temperature on risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence from a prospective cohort study Frontiers in Public Health air pollution temperature PM2.5 cardiovascular disease cohort study |
| title | Effects of PM2.5 exposure and air temperature on risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence from a prospective cohort study |
| title_full | Effects of PM2.5 exposure and air temperature on risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence from a prospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Effects of PM2.5 exposure and air temperature on risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence from a prospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of PM2.5 exposure and air temperature on risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence from a prospective cohort study |
| title_short | Effects of PM2.5 exposure and air temperature on risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence from a prospective cohort study |
| title_sort | effects of pm2 5 exposure and air temperature on risk of cardiovascular disease evidence from a prospective cohort study |
| topic | air pollution temperature PM2.5 cardiovascular disease cohort study |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1487034/full |
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