TiO2-ZnPc nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid as a target photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy against glioblastoma cells

Abstract The use of TiO2 as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy is limited due to TiO2 generates reactive oxygen species only under UV irradiation. The TiO2 surface has been modified with different functional groups to achieve activation at longer wavelengths (visible light). This work reports...

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Main Authors: Gustavo Jardón-Guadarrama, Ma Elena Manríquez-Ramírez, Citlali E. Rodríguez-Pérez, Araceli Díaz-Ruiz, María de los Ángeles Martínez-Cárdenas, Alfonso Mata-Bermudez, Camilo Ríos, Emma Ortiz-Islas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2024-08-01
Series:Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-024-06823-w
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author Gustavo Jardón-Guadarrama
Ma Elena Manríquez-Ramírez
Citlali E. Rodríguez-Pérez
Araceli Díaz-Ruiz
María de los Ángeles Martínez-Cárdenas
Alfonso Mata-Bermudez
Camilo Ríos
Emma Ortiz-Islas
author_facet Gustavo Jardón-Guadarrama
Ma Elena Manríquez-Ramírez
Citlali E. Rodríguez-Pérez
Araceli Díaz-Ruiz
María de los Ángeles Martínez-Cárdenas
Alfonso Mata-Bermudez
Camilo Ríos
Emma Ortiz-Islas
author_sort Gustavo Jardón-Guadarrama
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The use of TiO2 as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy is limited due to TiO2 generates reactive oxygen species only under UV irradiation. The TiO2 surface has been modified with different functional groups to achieve activation at longer wavelengths (visible light). This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and biological toxicity assay of TiO2 nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid and combined with a zinc phthalocyanine to obtain a nano-photosensitizer for its application in photodynamic therapy for glioblastoma cancer treatment. The nano-photosensitizer was prepared using the sol-gel method. Folic acid and zinc phthalocyanine were added during the hydrolysis and condensation of titanium butoxide, which was the TiO2 precursor. The samples obtained were characterized by several microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. An in vitro toxicity test was performed using the MTT assay and the C6 cellular line. The results of the characterization showed that the structure of the nanoparticles corresponds mainly to the anatase phase. Successful functionalization with folic acid and an excellent combination with phthalocyanine was also achieved. Both folic acid-functionalized TiO2 and phthalocyanine-functionalized TiO2 had no cytotoxic effect on C6 cells (even at high concentrations) in comparison to Cis-Pt, which was very toxic to C6 cells. The materials behaved similarly to the control (untreated cells). The cell viability and light microscopy images suggest that both materials could be considered biocompatible and mildly phototoxic in these cells when activated by light. Graphical Abstract
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spelling doaj-art-687a79f9c466461395d305f6ebad23242024-12-22T12:10:44ZengSpringerJournal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine1573-48382024-08-0135111310.1007/s10856-024-06823-wTiO2-ZnPc nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid as a target photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy against glioblastoma cellsGustavo Jardón-Guadarrama0Ma Elena Manríquez-Ramírez1Citlali E. Rodríguez-Pérez2Araceli Díaz-Ruiz3María de los Ángeles Martínez-Cárdenas4Alfonso Mata-Bermudez5Camilo Ríos6Emma Ortiz-Islas7Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma MetropolitanaESIQIE-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, Col. ZacatencoLaboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco SuárezDepartamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco SuárezDepartamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad XochimilcoDepartamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco Jefe de la División de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra IbarraLaboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco SuárezAbstract The use of TiO2 as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy is limited due to TiO2 generates reactive oxygen species only under UV irradiation. The TiO2 surface has been modified with different functional groups to achieve activation at longer wavelengths (visible light). This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and biological toxicity assay of TiO2 nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid and combined with a zinc phthalocyanine to obtain a nano-photosensitizer for its application in photodynamic therapy for glioblastoma cancer treatment. The nano-photosensitizer was prepared using the sol-gel method. Folic acid and zinc phthalocyanine were added during the hydrolysis and condensation of titanium butoxide, which was the TiO2 precursor. The samples obtained were characterized by several microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. An in vitro toxicity test was performed using the MTT assay and the C6 cellular line. The results of the characterization showed that the structure of the nanoparticles corresponds mainly to the anatase phase. Successful functionalization with folic acid and an excellent combination with phthalocyanine was also achieved. Both folic acid-functionalized TiO2 and phthalocyanine-functionalized TiO2 had no cytotoxic effect on C6 cells (even at high concentrations) in comparison to Cis-Pt, which was very toxic to C6 cells. The materials behaved similarly to the control (untreated cells). The cell viability and light microscopy images suggest that both materials could be considered biocompatible and mildly phototoxic in these cells when activated by light. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-024-06823-w
spellingShingle Gustavo Jardón-Guadarrama
Ma Elena Manríquez-Ramírez
Citlali E. Rodríguez-Pérez
Araceli Díaz-Ruiz
María de los Ángeles Martínez-Cárdenas
Alfonso Mata-Bermudez
Camilo Ríos
Emma Ortiz-Islas
TiO2-ZnPc nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid as a target photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy against glioblastoma cells
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine
title TiO2-ZnPc nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid as a target photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy against glioblastoma cells
title_full TiO2-ZnPc nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid as a target photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy against glioblastoma cells
title_fullStr TiO2-ZnPc nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid as a target photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy against glioblastoma cells
title_full_unstemmed TiO2-ZnPc nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid as a target photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy against glioblastoma cells
title_short TiO2-ZnPc nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid as a target photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy against glioblastoma cells
title_sort tio2 znpc nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid as a target photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy against glioblastoma cells
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-024-06823-w
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