De novo assembly of the mitochondrial genome of Glycyrrhiza glabra and identification of two types of homologous recombination configurations caused by repeat sequences
Abstract Background Glycyrrhiza glabra, which is widely used in medicine and therapy, is known as the ‘king of traditional Chinese medicine’. In this study, we successfully assembled and annotated the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of G. glabra via high-throughput sequencing technology, combi...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-024-11190-5 |
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| author | Guowang Zhou Meiling Qin Xiuli Liu Yonghui Qi Xiaobin Ou Min Tang |
| author_facet | Guowang Zhou Meiling Qin Xiuli Liu Yonghui Qi Xiaobin Ou Min Tang |
| author_sort | Guowang Zhou |
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| description | Abstract Background Glycyrrhiza glabra, which is widely used in medicine and therapy, is known as the ‘king of traditional Chinese medicine’. In this study, we successfully assembled and annotated the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of G. glabra via high-throughput sequencing technology, combining the advantages of short-read (Illumina) and long-read (Oxford Nanopore) sequencing. Results We revealed the ring structure of the mitochondrial genome, which spans 421,293 bp with 45.1% GC content and 56 annotated genes. Notably, we identified 514 repetitive sequences, including 123 Simple sequence repeats (SRs), 3 Tndem sequence repeats (TSRs), and 388 Dispersed sequence repeats (DSRs). We identified 79 out of the 388 DSRs as potentially involved in homologous recombination. We identified five forward repeats and four palindromic repeats that facilitate homologous recombination and induce alterations in the mitochondrial genome structure. We corroborated this finding via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, we identified chloroplast-derived sequence fragments within the mitochondrial genome, offering novel insights into the evolutionary history of plant mitochondrial genomes. We predicted 460 potential RNA editing sites, primarily involving cytosine-to-uracil transitions. This study reveals the complexity of repetitive sequence-mediated homologous recombination in the mitochondrial genome of G. glabra and provides new insights into its structure, function, and evolution. Conclusions These findings have important implications for conservation biology, population genetics, and evolutionary studies, underscoring the role of repetitive sequences in genome dynamics and highlighting the need for further research on mitochondrial genome evolution and function in plants. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj-art-680a523a75f343c4b891218dfb2b2c332025-01-12T12:09:22ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642025-01-0126111410.1186/s12864-024-11190-5De novo assembly of the mitochondrial genome of Glycyrrhiza glabra and identification of two types of homologous recombination configurations caused by repeat sequencesGuowang Zhou0Meiling Qin1Xiuli Liu2Yonghui Qi3Xiaobin Ou4Min Tang5College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural UniversitySchool of Life Sciences, Jiangsu UniversityGansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utlization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration in Longdong, Longdong UniversityGansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utlization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration in Longdong, Longdong UniversityGansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utlization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration in Longdong, Longdong UniversitySchool of Life Sciences, Jiangsu UniversityAbstract Background Glycyrrhiza glabra, which is widely used in medicine and therapy, is known as the ‘king of traditional Chinese medicine’. In this study, we successfully assembled and annotated the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of G. glabra via high-throughput sequencing technology, combining the advantages of short-read (Illumina) and long-read (Oxford Nanopore) sequencing. Results We revealed the ring structure of the mitochondrial genome, which spans 421,293 bp with 45.1% GC content and 56 annotated genes. Notably, we identified 514 repetitive sequences, including 123 Simple sequence repeats (SRs), 3 Tndem sequence repeats (TSRs), and 388 Dispersed sequence repeats (DSRs). We identified 79 out of the 388 DSRs as potentially involved in homologous recombination. We identified five forward repeats and four palindromic repeats that facilitate homologous recombination and induce alterations in the mitochondrial genome structure. We corroborated this finding via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, we identified chloroplast-derived sequence fragments within the mitochondrial genome, offering novel insights into the evolutionary history of plant mitochondrial genomes. We predicted 460 potential RNA editing sites, primarily involving cytosine-to-uracil transitions. This study reveals the complexity of repetitive sequence-mediated homologous recombination in the mitochondrial genome of G. glabra and provides new insights into its structure, function, and evolution. Conclusions These findings have important implications for conservation biology, population genetics, and evolutionary studies, underscoring the role of repetitive sequences in genome dynamics and highlighting the need for further research on mitochondrial genome evolution and function in plants.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-024-11190-5Glycyrrhiza glabraMitochondrial genomeRepeat sequencesHomologous recombinationPlant evolution |
| spellingShingle | Guowang Zhou Meiling Qin Xiuli Liu Yonghui Qi Xiaobin Ou Min Tang De novo assembly of the mitochondrial genome of Glycyrrhiza glabra and identification of two types of homologous recombination configurations caused by repeat sequences BMC Genomics Glycyrrhiza glabra Mitochondrial genome Repeat sequences Homologous recombination Plant evolution |
| title | De novo assembly of the mitochondrial genome of Glycyrrhiza glabra and identification of two types of homologous recombination configurations caused by repeat sequences |
| title_full | De novo assembly of the mitochondrial genome of Glycyrrhiza glabra and identification of two types of homologous recombination configurations caused by repeat sequences |
| title_fullStr | De novo assembly of the mitochondrial genome of Glycyrrhiza glabra and identification of two types of homologous recombination configurations caused by repeat sequences |
| title_full_unstemmed | De novo assembly of the mitochondrial genome of Glycyrrhiza glabra and identification of two types of homologous recombination configurations caused by repeat sequences |
| title_short | De novo assembly of the mitochondrial genome of Glycyrrhiza glabra and identification of two types of homologous recombination configurations caused by repeat sequences |
| title_sort | de novo assembly of the mitochondrial genome of glycyrrhiza glabra and identification of two types of homologous recombination configurations caused by repeat sequences |
| topic | Glycyrrhiza glabra Mitochondrial genome Repeat sequences Homologous recombination Plant evolution |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-024-11190-5 |
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