Correlation between the diameter of esophageal varices measured using a virtual ruler under endoscopy and portal pressure gradient

BackgroundEsophageal variceal diameter (EVD) is a crucial factor in determining the risk of esophageal variceal bleeding, which is associated with an increased portal pressure gradient (PPG). However, research into the relationship between EVD and PPG has been limited, primarily because the assessme...

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Main Authors: Yudi Mao, Zhongliang Fang, Yingying He, Jing Jin, Xiping Ding, Derun Kong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1443581/full
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author Yudi Mao
Yudi Mao
Zhongliang Fang
Zhongliang Fang
Yingying He
Jing Jin
Xiping Ding
Derun Kong
Derun Kong
author_facet Yudi Mao
Yudi Mao
Zhongliang Fang
Zhongliang Fang
Yingying He
Jing Jin
Xiping Ding
Derun Kong
Derun Kong
author_sort Yudi Mao
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundEsophageal variceal diameter (EVD) is a crucial factor in determining the risk of esophageal variceal bleeding, which is associated with an increased portal pressure gradient (PPG). However, research into the relationship between EVD and PPG has been limited, primarily because the assessment of EVD depends on visual estimation during endoscopy. Recently, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based method to accurately detect EVD. In this study, we aim to investigate the correlation between EVD and PPG, with the goal of evaluating EVD as a potential non-invasive indicator of PPG.MethodsThis study included both retrospective and prospective data from 128 patients diagnosed with portal hypertension and gastroesophageal varices, gathered from two medical institutions. Clinical data including PPG, biochemical markers, and routine blood tests were collected. In the retrospective phase, EVD was evaluated using an AI-based virtual ruler. In the prospective phase, PPG was measured using radiological intervention methods, and EVD was measured during endoscopy with the aid of AI.ResultsA positive correlation between PPG and EVD was identified (r = 0.521, P < 0.001), which was further supported by multivariate linear regression analysis (b = 6.521, t = 6.872, P < 0.001). When patients were stratified into two groups based on PPG levels (27 patients with PPG < 20 mmHg and 101 patients with PPG ≥ 20 mmHg), a significant difference in EVD was observed between the groups (OR = 29.275, 95% CI 5.590–153.304, P < 0.001), with larger EVD in the higher PPG group. These findings suggest that EVD may serve as a predictor of adverse events associated with elevated PPG levels. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that EVD had an accuracy of 0.814 in diagnosing PPG function (standard error 0.048, 95% CI 0.720-0.908; P < 0.001), indicating that PPG levels are likely to exceed 20 mmHg when the variceal diameter is greater than 1.1 cm.ConclusionEVD demonstrated a positive correlation with PPG and could potentially be used as a predictive marker for assessing PPG levels. These findings provide novel insights for the non-invasive evaluation of PPG in clinical practice.
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spelling doaj-art-67ade8af4f1145d88609f7b7095dfa672024-11-13T05:07:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2024-11-011110.3389/fmed.2024.14435811443581Correlation between the diameter of esophageal varices measured using a virtual ruler under endoscopy and portal pressure gradientYudi Mao0Yudi Mao1Zhongliang Fang2Zhongliang Fang3Yingying He4Jing Jin5Xiping Ding6Derun Kong7Derun Kong8Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Hefei, ChinaContinuous Education College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaBackgroundEsophageal variceal diameter (EVD) is a crucial factor in determining the risk of esophageal variceal bleeding, which is associated with an increased portal pressure gradient (PPG). However, research into the relationship between EVD and PPG has been limited, primarily because the assessment of EVD depends on visual estimation during endoscopy. Recently, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based method to accurately detect EVD. In this study, we aim to investigate the correlation between EVD and PPG, with the goal of evaluating EVD as a potential non-invasive indicator of PPG.MethodsThis study included both retrospective and prospective data from 128 patients diagnosed with portal hypertension and gastroesophageal varices, gathered from two medical institutions. Clinical data including PPG, biochemical markers, and routine blood tests were collected. In the retrospective phase, EVD was evaluated using an AI-based virtual ruler. In the prospective phase, PPG was measured using radiological intervention methods, and EVD was measured during endoscopy with the aid of AI.ResultsA positive correlation between PPG and EVD was identified (r = 0.521, P < 0.001), which was further supported by multivariate linear regression analysis (b = 6.521, t = 6.872, P < 0.001). When patients were stratified into two groups based on PPG levels (27 patients with PPG < 20 mmHg and 101 patients with PPG ≥ 20 mmHg), a significant difference in EVD was observed between the groups (OR = 29.275, 95% CI 5.590–153.304, P < 0.001), with larger EVD in the higher PPG group. These findings suggest that EVD may serve as a predictor of adverse events associated with elevated PPG levels. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that EVD had an accuracy of 0.814 in diagnosing PPG function (standard error 0.048, 95% CI 0.720-0.908; P < 0.001), indicating that PPG levels are likely to exceed 20 mmHg when the variceal diameter is greater than 1.1 cm.ConclusionEVD demonstrated a positive correlation with PPG and could potentially be used as a predictive marker for assessing PPG levels. These findings provide novel insights for the non-invasive evaluation of PPG in clinical practice.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1443581/fullportal pressure gradientesophageal vein diameterliver cirrhosisesophageal varicesportal hypertension
spellingShingle Yudi Mao
Yudi Mao
Zhongliang Fang
Zhongliang Fang
Yingying He
Jing Jin
Xiping Ding
Derun Kong
Derun Kong
Correlation between the diameter of esophageal varices measured using a virtual ruler under endoscopy and portal pressure gradient
Frontiers in Medicine
portal pressure gradient
esophageal vein diameter
liver cirrhosis
esophageal varices
portal hypertension
title Correlation between the diameter of esophageal varices measured using a virtual ruler under endoscopy and portal pressure gradient
title_full Correlation between the diameter of esophageal varices measured using a virtual ruler under endoscopy and portal pressure gradient
title_fullStr Correlation between the diameter of esophageal varices measured using a virtual ruler under endoscopy and portal pressure gradient
title_full_unstemmed Correlation between the diameter of esophageal varices measured using a virtual ruler under endoscopy and portal pressure gradient
title_short Correlation between the diameter of esophageal varices measured using a virtual ruler under endoscopy and portal pressure gradient
title_sort correlation between the diameter of esophageal varices measured using a virtual ruler under endoscopy and portal pressure gradient
topic portal pressure gradient
esophageal vein diameter
liver cirrhosis
esophageal varices
portal hypertension
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1443581/full
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