Establishing and evaluating trustworthy AI: overview and research challenges

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies (re-)shape modern life, driving innovation in a wide range of sectors. However, some AI systems have yielded unexpected or undesirable outcomes or have been used in questionable manners. As a result, there has been a surge in public and academic discussions...

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Main Authors: Dominik Kowald, Sebastian Scher, Viktoria Pammer-Schindler, Peter Müllner, Kerstin Waxnegger, Lea Demelius, Angela Fessl, Maximilian Toller, Inti Gabriel Mendoza Estrada, Ilija Šimić, Vedran Sabol, Andreas Trügler, Eduardo Veas, Roman Kern, Tomislav Nad, Simone Kopeinik
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Big Data
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdata.2024.1467222/full
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author Dominik Kowald
Dominik Kowald
Sebastian Scher
Sebastian Scher
Viktoria Pammer-Schindler
Viktoria Pammer-Schindler
Peter Müllner
Kerstin Waxnegger
Lea Demelius
Lea Demelius
Angela Fessl
Angela Fessl
Maximilian Toller
Inti Gabriel Mendoza Estrada
Ilija Šimić
Vedran Sabol
Andreas Trügler
Andreas Trügler
Andreas Trügler
Eduardo Veas
Eduardo Veas
Roman Kern
Roman Kern
Tomislav Nad
Simone Kopeinik
author_facet Dominik Kowald
Dominik Kowald
Sebastian Scher
Sebastian Scher
Viktoria Pammer-Schindler
Viktoria Pammer-Schindler
Peter Müllner
Kerstin Waxnegger
Lea Demelius
Lea Demelius
Angela Fessl
Angela Fessl
Maximilian Toller
Inti Gabriel Mendoza Estrada
Ilija Šimić
Vedran Sabol
Andreas Trügler
Andreas Trügler
Andreas Trügler
Eduardo Veas
Eduardo Veas
Roman Kern
Roman Kern
Tomislav Nad
Simone Kopeinik
author_sort Dominik Kowald
collection DOAJ
description Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies (re-)shape modern life, driving innovation in a wide range of sectors. However, some AI systems have yielded unexpected or undesirable outcomes or have been used in questionable manners. As a result, there has been a surge in public and academic discussions about aspects that AI systems must fulfill to be considered trustworthy. In this paper, we synthesize existing conceptualizations of trustworthy AI along six requirements: (1) human agency and oversight, (2) fairness and non-discrimination, (3) transparency and explainability, (4) robustness and accuracy, (5) privacy and security, and (6) accountability. For each one, we provide a definition, describe how it can be established and evaluated, and discuss requirement-specific research challenges. Finally, we conclude this analysis by identifying overarching research challenges across the requirements with respect to (1) interdisciplinary research, (2) conceptual clarity, (3) context-dependency, (4) dynamics in evolving systems, and (5) investigations in real-world contexts. Thus, this paper synthesizes and consolidates a wide-ranging and active discussion currently taking place in various academic sub-communities and public forums. It aims to serve as a reference for a broad audience and as a basis for future research directions.
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spelling doaj-art-67a4365c88244a38aee89c7ec1c5aa5e2024-11-29T07:14:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Big Data2624-909X2024-11-01710.3389/fdata.2024.14672221467222Establishing and evaluating trustworthy AI: overview and research challengesDominik Kowald0Dominik Kowald1Sebastian Scher2Sebastian Scher3Viktoria Pammer-Schindler4Viktoria Pammer-Schindler5Peter Müllner6Kerstin Waxnegger7Lea Demelius8Lea Demelius9Angela Fessl10Angela Fessl11Maximilian Toller12Inti Gabriel Mendoza Estrada13Ilija Šimić14Vedran Sabol15Andreas Trügler16Andreas Trügler17Andreas Trügler18Eduardo Veas19Eduardo Veas20Roman Kern21Roman Kern22Tomislav Nad23Simone Kopeinik24Know Center Research GmbH, Graz, AustriaInstitute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, AustriaKnow Center Research GmbH, Graz, AustriaDepartment of Geography and Regional Science, Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change, University of Graz, Graz, AustriaKnow Center Research GmbH, Graz, AustriaInstitute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, AustriaKnow Center Research GmbH, Graz, AustriaKnow Center Research GmbH, Graz, AustriaKnow Center Research GmbH, Graz, AustriaInstitute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, AustriaKnow Center Research GmbH, Graz, AustriaInstitute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, AustriaKnow Center Research GmbH, Graz, AustriaKnow Center Research GmbH, Graz, AustriaKnow Center Research GmbH, Graz, AustriaKnow Center Research GmbH, Graz, AustriaKnow Center Research GmbH, Graz, AustriaInstitute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, AustriaDepartment of Geography and Regional Science, Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change, University of Graz, Graz, AustriaKnow Center Research GmbH, Graz, AustriaInstitute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, AustriaKnow Center Research GmbH, Graz, AustriaInstitute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, AustriaSGS Digital Trusts Services GmbH, Graz, AustriaKnow Center Research GmbH, Graz, AustriaArtificial intelligence (AI) technologies (re-)shape modern life, driving innovation in a wide range of sectors. However, some AI systems have yielded unexpected or undesirable outcomes or have been used in questionable manners. As a result, there has been a surge in public and academic discussions about aspects that AI systems must fulfill to be considered trustworthy. In this paper, we synthesize existing conceptualizations of trustworthy AI along six requirements: (1) human agency and oversight, (2) fairness and non-discrimination, (3) transparency and explainability, (4) robustness and accuracy, (5) privacy and security, and (6) accountability. For each one, we provide a definition, describe how it can be established and evaluated, and discuss requirement-specific research challenges. Finally, we conclude this analysis by identifying overarching research challenges across the requirements with respect to (1) interdisciplinary research, (2) conceptual clarity, (3) context-dependency, (4) dynamics in evolving systems, and (5) investigations in real-world contexts. Thus, this paper synthesizes and consolidates a wide-ranging and active discussion currently taking place in various academic sub-communities and public forums. It aims to serve as a reference for a broad audience and as a basis for future research directions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdata.2024.1467222/fulltrustworthy AIartificial intelligencefairnesshuman agencyrobustnessprivacy
spellingShingle Dominik Kowald
Dominik Kowald
Sebastian Scher
Sebastian Scher
Viktoria Pammer-Schindler
Viktoria Pammer-Schindler
Peter Müllner
Kerstin Waxnegger
Lea Demelius
Lea Demelius
Angela Fessl
Angela Fessl
Maximilian Toller
Inti Gabriel Mendoza Estrada
Ilija Šimić
Vedran Sabol
Andreas Trügler
Andreas Trügler
Andreas Trügler
Eduardo Veas
Eduardo Veas
Roman Kern
Roman Kern
Tomislav Nad
Simone Kopeinik
Establishing and evaluating trustworthy AI: overview and research challenges
Frontiers in Big Data
trustworthy AI
artificial intelligence
fairness
human agency
robustness
privacy
title Establishing and evaluating trustworthy AI: overview and research challenges
title_full Establishing and evaluating trustworthy AI: overview and research challenges
title_fullStr Establishing and evaluating trustworthy AI: overview and research challenges
title_full_unstemmed Establishing and evaluating trustworthy AI: overview and research challenges
title_short Establishing and evaluating trustworthy AI: overview and research challenges
title_sort establishing and evaluating trustworthy ai overview and research challenges
topic trustworthy AI
artificial intelligence
fairness
human agency
robustness
privacy
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdata.2024.1467222/full
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