Investigating skyrmion stability and core polarity reversal in NdMn2Ge2
Abstract We present a study on nanoscale skyrmionic spin textures in $$\hbox {NdMn}_{{2}}\hbox {Ge}_{{2}}$$ , a rare-earth complex noncollinear ferromagnet. We confirm, using X-ray microscopy, that $$\hbox {NdMn}_{{2}}\hbox {Ge}_{{2}}$$ can host lattices of metastable skyrmion bubbles at room temper...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82114-2 |
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| author | Samuel K. Treves Victor Ukleev Andreas Apseros Jamie Robert Massey Kai Wagner Paul Lehmann Aki Kitaori Naoya Kanazawa Jeffrey A. Brock Simone Finizio Joakim Reuteler Yoshinori Tokura Patrick Maletinsky Valerio Scagnoli |
| author_facet | Samuel K. Treves Victor Ukleev Andreas Apseros Jamie Robert Massey Kai Wagner Paul Lehmann Aki Kitaori Naoya Kanazawa Jeffrey A. Brock Simone Finizio Joakim Reuteler Yoshinori Tokura Patrick Maletinsky Valerio Scagnoli |
| author_sort | Samuel K. Treves |
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| description | Abstract We present a study on nanoscale skyrmionic spin textures in $$\hbox {NdMn}_{{2}}\hbox {Ge}_{{2}}$$ , a rare-earth complex noncollinear ferromagnet. We confirm, using X-ray microscopy, that $$\hbox {NdMn}_{{2}}\hbox {Ge}_{{2}}$$ can host lattices of metastable skyrmion bubbles at room temperature in the absence of a magnetic field, after applying a suitable field cooling protocol. The skyrmion bubbles are robust against temperature changes from room temperature to 330 K. Furthermore, the skyrmion bubbles can be distorted, deformed, and recovered by varying strength and orientation of the applied magnetic field. We have used nitrogen-vacancy nanoscale magnetic imaging to estimate and map the magnetic stray fields originating from our $$\hbox {NdMn}_{{2}}\hbox {Ge}_{{2}}$$ lamella samples and find stray field magnitudes on the order of a few mT near the sample surface. Micromagnetic simulations show an overall agreement with the observed behaviour of the sample under different magnetic field protocols. We also find that the presence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is not required to reproduce our experimental results. Its inclusion in the simulation leads to a reversal of the skyrmionic object core polarity, which is not experimentally observed. Our results further corroborate the stability and robustness of the skyrmion bubbles formed in $${\hbox {NdMn}_2\hbox {Ge}_2}$$ and their potential for future spintronic applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-67944acd247b416098901321b8ef8e97 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-67944acd247b416098901321b8ef8e972025-01-05T12:18:55ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111010.1038/s41598-024-82114-2Investigating skyrmion stability and core polarity reversal in NdMn2Ge2Samuel K. Treves0Victor Ukleev1Andreas Apseros2Jamie Robert Massey3Kai Wagner4Paul Lehmann5Aki Kitaori6Naoya Kanazawa7Jeffrey A. Brock8Simone Finizio9Joakim Reuteler10Yoshinori Tokura11Patrick Maletinsky12Valerio Scagnoli13Department of Physics, University of BaselPSI Center for Neutron and Muon SciencesLaboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH ZurichLaboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH ZurichDepartment of Physics, University of BaselDepartment of Physics, University of BaselDepartment of Applied Physics, University of TokyoInstitute of Industrial Science, The University of TokyoLaboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH ZurichPSI Center for Photon ScienceScopeM, ETH ZurichDepartment of Applied Physics, University of TokyoDepartment of Physics, University of BaselLaboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH ZurichAbstract We present a study on nanoscale skyrmionic spin textures in $$\hbox {NdMn}_{{2}}\hbox {Ge}_{{2}}$$ , a rare-earth complex noncollinear ferromagnet. We confirm, using X-ray microscopy, that $$\hbox {NdMn}_{{2}}\hbox {Ge}_{{2}}$$ can host lattices of metastable skyrmion bubbles at room temperature in the absence of a magnetic field, after applying a suitable field cooling protocol. The skyrmion bubbles are robust against temperature changes from room temperature to 330 K. Furthermore, the skyrmion bubbles can be distorted, deformed, and recovered by varying strength and orientation of the applied magnetic field. We have used nitrogen-vacancy nanoscale magnetic imaging to estimate and map the magnetic stray fields originating from our $$\hbox {NdMn}_{{2}}\hbox {Ge}_{{2}}$$ lamella samples and find stray field magnitudes on the order of a few mT near the sample surface. Micromagnetic simulations show an overall agreement with the observed behaviour of the sample under different magnetic field protocols. We also find that the presence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is not required to reproduce our experimental results. Its inclusion in the simulation leads to a reversal of the skyrmionic object core polarity, which is not experimentally observed. Our results further corroborate the stability and robustness of the skyrmion bubbles formed in $${\hbox {NdMn}_2\hbox {Ge}_2}$$ and their potential for future spintronic applications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82114-2 |
| spellingShingle | Samuel K. Treves Victor Ukleev Andreas Apseros Jamie Robert Massey Kai Wagner Paul Lehmann Aki Kitaori Naoya Kanazawa Jeffrey A. Brock Simone Finizio Joakim Reuteler Yoshinori Tokura Patrick Maletinsky Valerio Scagnoli Investigating skyrmion stability and core polarity reversal in NdMn2Ge2 Scientific Reports |
| title | Investigating skyrmion stability and core polarity reversal in NdMn2Ge2 |
| title_full | Investigating skyrmion stability and core polarity reversal in NdMn2Ge2 |
| title_fullStr | Investigating skyrmion stability and core polarity reversal in NdMn2Ge2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating skyrmion stability and core polarity reversal in NdMn2Ge2 |
| title_short | Investigating skyrmion stability and core polarity reversal in NdMn2Ge2 |
| title_sort | investigating skyrmion stability and core polarity reversal in ndmn2ge2 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82114-2 |
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