The highly pathogenic strain of porcine deltacoronavirus disrupts the intestinal barrier and causes diarrhea in newborn piglets
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is increasingly prevalent in newborn piglets with diarrhea. With the development of research on the virus and the feasibility of PDCoV cross-species transmission, the biosafety and the development of pig industry have been greatly affected. In this study, a PDCoV str...
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| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Virulence |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2024.2446742 |
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| author | Xin Yao Wei-Hong Lu Wen-Ting Qiao Yu-Qian Zhang Bao-Ying Zhang Hui-Xin Li Jin-Long Li |
| author_facet | Xin Yao Wei-Hong Lu Wen-Ting Qiao Yu-Qian Zhang Bao-Ying Zhang Hui-Xin Li Jin-Long Li |
| author_sort | Xin Yao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is increasingly prevalent in newborn piglets with diarrhea. With the development of research on the virus and the feasibility of PDCoV cross-species transmission, the biosafety and the development of pig industry have been greatly affected. In this study, a PDCoV strain CH/LNFX/2022 was isolated from diarrheal newborn piglets at a farm in China. A genome-wide based phylogenetic analysis suggests that 97.5% to 99.2% homology existed in the whole genomes of other strains. Five amino acid mutations are seen for the first time in the S protein. By constructing 3D models, it was found that the S1-NTD/CTD and S2-HR-C regions produced structural alterations. Protein functional analysis showed that the structural changes of the three regions changed the epitope of S protein, the O-GalNAc glycosylation site and the 3C-like protease cleavage site. In addition, oral administration of 107 TCID50 CH/LNFX/2022 to newborn piglets successfully reproduced obvious clinical signs of piglets, such as diarrhea and dehydration. Meanwhile, PDCoV antigen was detected by immunofluorescence in the small intestine, and microscopic lesions and intestinal mucosal barrier destruction were detected by histological observation and scanning electron microscopy. Our study confirmed that porcine coronavirus strains increased pathogenicity through evolution, damaged the intestinal barrier of newborn piglets, and caused diarrhea in pigs. This study provided the candidate strains and theoretical basis for establishing the prevention and control system of vaccine and diagnostic methods for piglet diarrhea. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6758bcca528f42ee9d029718de07a601 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2150-5594 2150-5608 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Virulence |
| spelling | doaj-art-6758bcca528f42ee9d029718de07a6012025-01-06T10:09:02ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirulence2150-55942150-56082025-12-0116110.1080/21505594.2024.2446742The highly pathogenic strain of porcine deltacoronavirus disrupts the intestinal barrier and causes diarrhea in newborn pigletsXin Yao0Wei-Hong Lu1Wen-Ting Qiao2Yu-Qian Zhang3Bao-Ying Zhang4Hui-Xin Li5Jin-Long Li6College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR ChinaPorcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is increasingly prevalent in newborn piglets with diarrhea. With the development of research on the virus and the feasibility of PDCoV cross-species transmission, the biosafety and the development of pig industry have been greatly affected. In this study, a PDCoV strain CH/LNFX/2022 was isolated from diarrheal newborn piglets at a farm in China. A genome-wide based phylogenetic analysis suggests that 97.5% to 99.2% homology existed in the whole genomes of other strains. Five amino acid mutations are seen for the first time in the S protein. By constructing 3D models, it was found that the S1-NTD/CTD and S2-HR-C regions produced structural alterations. Protein functional analysis showed that the structural changes of the three regions changed the epitope of S protein, the O-GalNAc glycosylation site and the 3C-like protease cleavage site. In addition, oral administration of 107 TCID50 CH/LNFX/2022 to newborn piglets successfully reproduced obvious clinical signs of piglets, such as diarrhea and dehydration. Meanwhile, PDCoV antigen was detected by immunofluorescence in the small intestine, and microscopic lesions and intestinal mucosal barrier destruction were detected by histological observation and scanning electron microscopy. Our study confirmed that porcine coronavirus strains increased pathogenicity through evolution, damaged the intestinal barrier of newborn piglets, and caused diarrhea in pigs. This study provided the candidate strains and theoretical basis for establishing the prevention and control system of vaccine and diagnostic methods for piglet diarrhea.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2024.2446742Porcine deltacoronavirusCH/LNFX/2022evolutionary analysisneutralizing epitope mutationsvalidation of regression |
| spellingShingle | Xin Yao Wei-Hong Lu Wen-Ting Qiao Yu-Qian Zhang Bao-Ying Zhang Hui-Xin Li Jin-Long Li The highly pathogenic strain of porcine deltacoronavirus disrupts the intestinal barrier and causes diarrhea in newborn piglets Virulence Porcine deltacoronavirus CH/LNFX/2022 evolutionary analysis neutralizing epitope mutations validation of regression |
| title | The highly pathogenic strain of porcine deltacoronavirus disrupts the intestinal barrier and causes diarrhea in newborn piglets |
| title_full | The highly pathogenic strain of porcine deltacoronavirus disrupts the intestinal barrier and causes diarrhea in newborn piglets |
| title_fullStr | The highly pathogenic strain of porcine deltacoronavirus disrupts the intestinal barrier and causes diarrhea in newborn piglets |
| title_full_unstemmed | The highly pathogenic strain of porcine deltacoronavirus disrupts the intestinal barrier and causes diarrhea in newborn piglets |
| title_short | The highly pathogenic strain of porcine deltacoronavirus disrupts the intestinal barrier and causes diarrhea in newborn piglets |
| title_sort | highly pathogenic strain of porcine deltacoronavirus disrupts the intestinal barrier and causes diarrhea in newborn piglets |
| topic | Porcine deltacoronavirus CH/LNFX/2022 evolutionary analysis neutralizing epitope mutations validation of regression |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2024.2446742 |
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