Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among household heads in northern Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study
Objectives COVID-19 vaccine was rolled out for the public in August 2021 in Zamfara state, Northen Nigeria. We determined the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.Settings We executed a community-based analytical cross-sectional study during the first 4 months of the second phase of the C...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/1/e083470.full |
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| author | Rabi Usman Muhammad Shakir Balogun Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo Fatima Garba Suleiman Idris Ahmad Bello Abdullahi Suleiman Ismail Zubair Hafiz Aliyu Ahmed Abubakar Muhammad Abdullahi Maijawa Abdulhakeem Olorukooba Abubakar Maiyaki Muhammadu Sani Abubakar Aisha Abdulazeez Abba Mohammed Yisa Chinedu Hastings Onu Tenmuso David Jatau Sabitu Kabir |
| author_facet | Rabi Usman Muhammad Shakir Balogun Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo Fatima Garba Suleiman Idris Ahmad Bello Abdullahi Suleiman Ismail Zubair Hafiz Aliyu Ahmed Abubakar Muhammad Abdullahi Maijawa Abdulhakeem Olorukooba Abubakar Maiyaki Muhammadu Sani Abubakar Aisha Abdulazeez Abba Mohammed Yisa Chinedu Hastings Onu Tenmuso David Jatau Sabitu Kabir |
| author_sort | Rabi Usman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives COVID-19 vaccine was rolled out for the public in August 2021 in Zamfara state, Northen Nigeria. We determined the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.Settings We executed a community-based analytical cross-sectional study during the first 4 months of the second phase of the COVID-19 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) mass vaccination campaign in Zamfara state.Participants We used multistage sampling to select 910 household heads.Outcome measures We used a semistructured electronic questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, uptake and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine between 12 October and 20 December 2021. We calculated frequencies, proportions, adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance using logistic regression.Results Our respondents had a median age of 48 years (IQR: 37–55), 78.1% (711) were men, a majority more than 30 years, and only 8.9% (81) had received COVID-19 vaccine. Of the 829 unvaccinated respondents, 10.1% (84) accepted to take the vaccine, the current week of the interview while 12.2% (101) rejected the vaccine. Individuals aged 30 years and older (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.39, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.94, p=0.018), who owned a mobile phone (aOR=25.35, 95% CI 11.23 to 57.23, p<0.001) and a television (aOR=3.72, 95% CI 1.09 to 12.69, p=0.036), with medium–high levels of trust (aOR=7.41, 95% CI 3.10 to 17.74, p<0.001), and those with a medium–high (positive) levels of attitude (aOR=1.82, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.11, p=0.029) were more likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Also, those who had been vaccinated with other vaccines (aOR=2.2, 95% CI 1.09 to 4.43, p=0.027) and those previously tested for COVID-19 (aOR=2.0, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.66, p=0.023) were also more likely to accept it.Conclusion COVID-19 vaccine had a poor uptake and acceptance. Factors such as age, awareness, trust and previous vaccination experience played a significant role in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. We recommended targeted public health campaigns, improving community engagement and building trust in community leaders, healthcare providers and public health institutions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6739c3e017dc423392f8644de21cb0b3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-6739c3e017dc423392f8644de21cb0b32025-01-10T06:05:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-01-0115110.1136/bmjopen-2023-083470Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among household heads in northern Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional studyRabi Usman0Muhammad Shakir Balogun1Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo2Fatima Garba3Suleiman Idris Ahmad4Bello Abdullahi Suleiman5Ismail Zubair6Hafiz Aliyu7Ahmed Abubakar8Muhammad Abdullahi Maijawa9Abdulhakeem Olorukooba10Abubakar Maiyaki11Muhammadu Sani Abubakar12Aisha Abdulazeez Abba13Mohammed Yisa14Chinedu Hastings Onu15Tenmuso David Jatau16Sabitu Kabir174 Prevent Epidemics, Resolve to Saves Lives, Abuja, Nigeria8 African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria10 Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria1 Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University College of Health Sciences, Sokoto, Nigeria1 Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University College of Health Sciences, Sokoto, Nigeria7 Family Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina, Katsina, Nigeria16 Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria2 Garisun Nigeria Limited, Abuja, Nigeria5 Emergency Preparedness and Response, Africa CDC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia6 Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, Nigeria9 Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria12 Internal Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria13 Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina, Katsina, Nigeria14 Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria15 Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia17 Operational Research, Medecins Sans Frontieres, FCT, Nigeria18 SCIDaR, Abuja, Nigeria9 Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaObjectives COVID-19 vaccine was rolled out for the public in August 2021 in Zamfara state, Northen Nigeria. We determined the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.Settings We executed a community-based analytical cross-sectional study during the first 4 months of the second phase of the COVID-19 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) mass vaccination campaign in Zamfara state.Participants We used multistage sampling to select 910 household heads.Outcome measures We used a semistructured electronic questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, uptake and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine between 12 October and 20 December 2021. We calculated frequencies, proportions, adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance using logistic regression.Results Our respondents had a median age of 48 years (IQR: 37–55), 78.1% (711) were men, a majority more than 30 years, and only 8.9% (81) had received COVID-19 vaccine. Of the 829 unvaccinated respondents, 10.1% (84) accepted to take the vaccine, the current week of the interview while 12.2% (101) rejected the vaccine. Individuals aged 30 years and older (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.39, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.94, p=0.018), who owned a mobile phone (aOR=25.35, 95% CI 11.23 to 57.23, p<0.001) and a television (aOR=3.72, 95% CI 1.09 to 12.69, p=0.036), with medium–high levels of trust (aOR=7.41, 95% CI 3.10 to 17.74, p<0.001), and those with a medium–high (positive) levels of attitude (aOR=1.82, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.11, p=0.029) were more likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Also, those who had been vaccinated with other vaccines (aOR=2.2, 95% CI 1.09 to 4.43, p=0.027) and those previously tested for COVID-19 (aOR=2.0, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.66, p=0.023) were also more likely to accept it.Conclusion COVID-19 vaccine had a poor uptake and acceptance. Factors such as age, awareness, trust and previous vaccination experience played a significant role in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. We recommended targeted public health campaigns, improving community engagement and building trust in community leaders, healthcare providers and public health institutions.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/1/e083470.full |
| spellingShingle | Rabi Usman Muhammad Shakir Balogun Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo Fatima Garba Suleiman Idris Ahmad Bello Abdullahi Suleiman Ismail Zubair Hafiz Aliyu Ahmed Abubakar Muhammad Abdullahi Maijawa Abdulhakeem Olorukooba Abubakar Maiyaki Muhammadu Sani Abubakar Aisha Abdulazeez Abba Mohammed Yisa Chinedu Hastings Onu Tenmuso David Jatau Sabitu Kabir Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among household heads in northern Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study BMJ Open |
| title | Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among household heads in northern Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among household heads in northern Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among household heads in northern Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among household heads in northern Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among household heads in northern Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | factors influencing covid 19 vaccine acceptability among household heads in northern nigeria a community based cross sectional study |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/1/e083470.full |
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