Comparative analysis of precision, deficit, and drip irrigation for water efficiency in Iraq

Sustainable irrigation practices are critical for addressing the challenges of water scarcity and food insecurity in the face of climate change and growing global food demand. This study investigated the potential of precision irrigation (PI), deficit irrigation (DI), and drip irrigation (DRI) techn...

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Main Authors: Jumintono Jumintono, Nurnawaty Nurnawaty, Nugroho T. Brata, Dini Rahmiati, Hadi Susilo, Ahmad Hussen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Polish Academy of Sciences 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Water and Land Development
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Online Access:https://journals.pan.pl/Content/133551/2024-04-JWLD-15.pdf
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author Jumintono Jumintono
Nurnawaty Nurnawaty
Nugroho T. Brata
Dini Rahmiati
Hadi Susilo
Ahmad Hussen
author_facet Jumintono Jumintono
Nurnawaty Nurnawaty
Nugroho T. Brata
Dini Rahmiati
Hadi Susilo
Ahmad Hussen
author_sort Jumintono Jumintono
collection DOAJ
description Sustainable irrigation practices are critical for addressing the challenges of water scarcity and food insecurity in the face of climate change and growing global food demand. This study investigated the potential of precision irrigation (PI), deficit irrigation (DI), and drip irrigation (DRI) techniques to enhance crop productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) compared to conventional flood irrigation (CFI) in three distinct agroecological zones of Iraq. Field experiments were conducted using a randomised complete block design with wheat, maize, and rice crops. The results demonstrated that PI significantly increased crop growth parameters, grain yield, and WUE across all zones, with yield improvements of 33–38% and WUE increases of 46–51% in contrast with CFI. The DI and DRI treatments also outperformed CFI, albeit to a lesser extent. Remote sensing-derived vegetation indices strongly correlated with crop growth parameters and yield, while hydrological modelling revealed reduced evapotranspiration and surface runoff under the PI treatment. The sustainable irrigation practices resulted in substantial water savings of 20–30% compared to CFI. These findings highlight the importance of adopting efficient irrigation techniques, along with a holistic approach encompassing technological innovations, capacity building, and stakeholder engagement, to promote water- efficient agriculture and ensure food security in water-scarce regions.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2083-4535
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Polish Academy of Sciences
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series Journal of Water and Land Development
spelling doaj-art-66378d5f874e4ccdb72ab3c2943d53e02024-12-30T18:50:11ZengPolish Academy of SciencesJournal of Water and Land Development2083-45352024-12-01No 63130136https://doi.org/10.24425/jwld.2024.151798Comparative analysis of precision, deficit, and drip irrigation for water efficiency in IraqJumintono Jumintono0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7591-649XNurnawaty Nurnawaty1https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5834-8859Nugroho T. Brata2Dini Rahmiati3Hadi Susilo4Ahmad Hussen5Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa, Post graduate school, Jl. Batikan, UH-III Jl. Tuntungan No. 1043, Tahunan, Kec. Umbulharjo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55167, IndonesiaUniversitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Department of Civil Engineering, kampus Unismuh Makassar, Gedung Iqra lt3 FT. Jl. Sultan Alauddin no. 259, Makassar, IndonesiaUniversitas Negeri Semarang, Department of Sociology and Anthropology Education, Gedung C. 6 FISIP, Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, IndonesiaResearch Center for Politics - National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Gatot Subroto, No 10, 12710, Jakarta Selatan, IndonesiaUniversitas Mathla’ul Anwar, Faculty of Sciences, Pharmacy and Health, Jalan Raya Labuan KM 23 Cikaliung, Sindanghayu, Kec. Saketi, Kabupaten Pandeglang, Banten 42273, IndonesiaIslamic University, Medical Laboratory Technique College, 2975+9RM, Najaf, IraqSustainable irrigation practices are critical for addressing the challenges of water scarcity and food insecurity in the face of climate change and growing global food demand. This study investigated the potential of precision irrigation (PI), deficit irrigation (DI), and drip irrigation (DRI) techniques to enhance crop productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) compared to conventional flood irrigation (CFI) in three distinct agroecological zones of Iraq. Field experiments were conducted using a randomised complete block design with wheat, maize, and rice crops. The results demonstrated that PI significantly increased crop growth parameters, grain yield, and WUE across all zones, with yield improvements of 33–38% and WUE increases of 46–51% in contrast with CFI. The DI and DRI treatments also outperformed CFI, albeit to a lesser extent. Remote sensing-derived vegetation indices strongly correlated with crop growth parameters and yield, while hydrological modelling revealed reduced evapotranspiration and surface runoff under the PI treatment. The sustainable irrigation practices resulted in substantial water savings of 20–30% compared to CFI. These findings highlight the importance of adopting efficient irrigation techniques, along with a holistic approach encompassing technological innovations, capacity building, and stakeholder engagement, to promote water- efficient agriculture and ensure food security in water-scarce regions.https://journals.pan.pl/Content/133551/2024-04-JWLD-15.pdffield experimentsfood productionirrigation practiceswater use efficiency
spellingShingle Jumintono Jumintono
Nurnawaty Nurnawaty
Nugroho T. Brata
Dini Rahmiati
Hadi Susilo
Ahmad Hussen
Comparative analysis of precision, deficit, and drip irrigation for water efficiency in Iraq
Journal of Water and Land Development
field experiments
food production
irrigation practices
water use efficiency
title Comparative analysis of precision, deficit, and drip irrigation for water efficiency in Iraq
title_full Comparative analysis of precision, deficit, and drip irrigation for water efficiency in Iraq
title_fullStr Comparative analysis of precision, deficit, and drip irrigation for water efficiency in Iraq
title_full_unstemmed Comparative analysis of precision, deficit, and drip irrigation for water efficiency in Iraq
title_short Comparative analysis of precision, deficit, and drip irrigation for water efficiency in Iraq
title_sort comparative analysis of precision deficit and drip irrigation for water efficiency in iraq
topic field experiments
food production
irrigation practices
water use efficiency
url https://journals.pan.pl/Content/133551/2024-04-JWLD-15.pdf
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