TaCIPK19-3D Improves Photosynthetic Machinery, Growth, Yield, and Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Rice
Abstract Calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are central regulators of plant development and stress adaptation. However, the specific roles of individual CIPK family members remain largely unexplored in major crops like wheat and rice. In this study, we characterized the function...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Rice |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-025-00827-y |
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| author | Muhammad Arif Dingli Hong Ruhong Xu Mo Xian Chen Hafiz Mamoon Rehman Zhongni Wang Luhua Li |
| author_facet | Muhammad Arif Dingli Hong Ruhong Xu Mo Xian Chen Hafiz Mamoon Rehman Zhongni Wang Luhua Li |
| author_sort | Muhammad Arif |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are central regulators of plant development and stress adaptation. However, the specific roles of individual CIPK family members remain largely unexplored in major crops like wheat and rice. In this study, we characterized the function of TaCIPK19-3D through overexpression in transgenic rice and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated oscipk19 knockout lines. Expression profiling and subcellular localization analyses revealed that TaCIPK19-3D is associated with chloroplast development and metabolic activity. Overexpression lines exhibited enhanced chloroplast structure, increased chlorophyll biosynthesis, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration, and elevated levels of K⁺/Na⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺, resulting in improved growth and yield compared to wild-type and mutant lines. Notably, TaCIPK19-3D overexpression conferred increased salt tolerance by upregulating ABA signaling, antioxidant responses, and proline biosynthesis. Key genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis (OsCAO, OsCHLH) and salt stress responses (OsAPX2, OsP5CS, OsABA2) were significantly upregulated in transgenic plants. Protein interaction studies using yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays demonstrated that TaCIPK19-3D interacts with TaFBA-4D and four CBL proteins (TaCBL1, TaCBL3, TaCBL4, and TaCBL7). Collectively, our findings reveal that TaCIPK19-3D positively regulates photosynthesis, ion homeostasis, and stress-responsive signaling pathways, highlighting its potential for improving crop productivity and stress resilience in wheat and rice. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-65c55b6938e8488889babb51a061f042 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1939-8425 1939-8433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Rice |
| spelling | doaj-art-65c55b6938e8488889babb51a061f0422025-08-20T03:46:27ZengSpringerOpenRice1939-84251939-84332025-07-0118111510.1186/s12284-025-00827-yTaCIPK19-3D Improves Photosynthetic Machinery, Growth, Yield, and Salt Tolerance in Transgenic RiceMuhammad Arif0Dingli Hong1Ruhong Xu2Mo Xian Chen3Hafiz Mamoon Rehman4Zhongni Wang5Luhua Li6College of Agriculture, Guizhou UniversityCollege of Agriculture, Guizhou UniversityCollege of Agriculture, Guizhou UniversityState Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Center for R&D of Fine, Ministry of Education, Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityCentre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture FaisalabadGuizhou Rice Research Institute, Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural ScienceCollege of Agriculture, Guizhou UniversityAbstract Calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are central regulators of plant development and stress adaptation. However, the specific roles of individual CIPK family members remain largely unexplored in major crops like wheat and rice. In this study, we characterized the function of TaCIPK19-3D through overexpression in transgenic rice and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated oscipk19 knockout lines. Expression profiling and subcellular localization analyses revealed that TaCIPK19-3D is associated with chloroplast development and metabolic activity. Overexpression lines exhibited enhanced chloroplast structure, increased chlorophyll biosynthesis, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration, and elevated levels of K⁺/Na⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺, resulting in improved growth and yield compared to wild-type and mutant lines. Notably, TaCIPK19-3D overexpression conferred increased salt tolerance by upregulating ABA signaling, antioxidant responses, and proline biosynthesis. Key genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis (OsCAO, OsCHLH) and salt stress responses (OsAPX2, OsP5CS, OsABA2) were significantly upregulated in transgenic plants. Protein interaction studies using yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays demonstrated that TaCIPK19-3D interacts with TaFBA-4D and four CBL proteins (TaCBL1, TaCBL3, TaCBL4, and TaCBL7). Collectively, our findings reveal that TaCIPK19-3D positively regulates photosynthesis, ion homeostasis, and stress-responsive signaling pathways, highlighting its potential for improving crop productivity and stress resilience in wheat and rice.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-025-00827-yTaCIPK19-3DRiceWheatSalt stressGene functionOsCIPK19 |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Arif Dingli Hong Ruhong Xu Mo Xian Chen Hafiz Mamoon Rehman Zhongni Wang Luhua Li TaCIPK19-3D Improves Photosynthetic Machinery, Growth, Yield, and Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Rice Rice TaCIPK19-3D Rice Wheat Salt stress Gene function OsCIPK19 |
| title | TaCIPK19-3D Improves Photosynthetic Machinery, Growth, Yield, and Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Rice |
| title_full | TaCIPK19-3D Improves Photosynthetic Machinery, Growth, Yield, and Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Rice |
| title_fullStr | TaCIPK19-3D Improves Photosynthetic Machinery, Growth, Yield, and Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Rice |
| title_full_unstemmed | TaCIPK19-3D Improves Photosynthetic Machinery, Growth, Yield, and Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Rice |
| title_short | TaCIPK19-3D Improves Photosynthetic Machinery, Growth, Yield, and Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Rice |
| title_sort | tacipk19 3d improves photosynthetic machinery growth yield and salt tolerance in transgenic rice |
| topic | TaCIPK19-3D Rice Wheat Salt stress Gene function OsCIPK19 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-025-00827-y |
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