The Tula Industrial Area Field Experiment: Quantitative Measurements of Formaldehyde, Sulfur Dioxide, and Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions Using Mobile Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy Instruments
The Tula industrial area in Central Mexico comprises, among other industries, a refinery and a thermoelectric power plant. It is well known for its constant emissions of gases into the atmosphere and considered an important area where pollutants released into the atmosphere have an influence on loca...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| author | Claudia I. Rivera-Cárdenas Thiare Arellano |
| author_facet | Claudia I. Rivera-Cárdenas Thiare Arellano |
| author_sort | Claudia I. Rivera-Cárdenas |
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| description | The Tula industrial area in Central Mexico comprises, among other industries, a refinery and a thermoelectric power plant. It is well known for its constant emissions of gases into the atmosphere and considered an important area where pollutants released into the atmosphere have an influence on local and regional air quality. During March and April 2017, a field campaign was conducted with the objective of quantifying formaldehyde (HCHO), sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), and nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) emissions from this industrial area using mobile differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instruments. Calculated average emissions of the Francisco Perez Rios Power Plant and the Miguel Hidalgo Refinery were 3.14 ± 2.13 tons per day of HCHO, 362.08 ± 300.14 tons per day of SO<sub>2</sub>, and 24.76 ± 12.82 tons per day of NO<sub>2</sub>. From the measurements conducted, the spatial distribution patterns of SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, and HCHO were reconstructed, showing a dispersion pattern of SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> towards the southwest of the industrial complex, impacting agricultural and urban areas. Occasionally, and usually during the morning hours, SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> were dispersed towards the north or northeast of the industrial complex. In the case of HCHO, dispersion was observed towards the south and southeast of the industrial complex. The far-reaching implications of this study are that for the first time, formaldehyde emissions were quantified. In addition, a follow-up study was conducted regarding nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions from the Tula Industrial area. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-656de90e7a6f4d5ca5d49d5f0dd7040c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2673-4672 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pollutants |
| spelling | doaj-art-656de90e7a6f4d5ca5d49d5f0dd7040c2024-12-27T14:48:07ZengMDPI AGPollutants2673-46722024-10-014446347310.3390/pollutants4040031The Tula Industrial Area Field Experiment: Quantitative Measurements of Formaldehyde, Sulfur Dioxide, and Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions Using Mobile Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy InstrumentsClaudia I. Rivera-Cárdenas0Thiare Arellano1Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, MexicoFacultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, MexicoThe Tula industrial area in Central Mexico comprises, among other industries, a refinery and a thermoelectric power plant. It is well known for its constant emissions of gases into the atmosphere and considered an important area where pollutants released into the atmosphere have an influence on local and regional air quality. During March and April 2017, a field campaign was conducted with the objective of quantifying formaldehyde (HCHO), sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), and nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) emissions from this industrial area using mobile differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instruments. Calculated average emissions of the Francisco Perez Rios Power Plant and the Miguel Hidalgo Refinery were 3.14 ± 2.13 tons per day of HCHO, 362.08 ± 300.14 tons per day of SO<sub>2</sub>, and 24.76 ± 12.82 tons per day of NO<sub>2</sub>. From the measurements conducted, the spatial distribution patterns of SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, and HCHO were reconstructed, showing a dispersion pattern of SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> towards the southwest of the industrial complex, impacting agricultural and urban areas. Occasionally, and usually during the morning hours, SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> were dispersed towards the north or northeast of the industrial complex. In the case of HCHO, dispersion was observed towards the south and southeast of the industrial complex. The far-reaching implications of this study are that for the first time, formaldehyde emissions were quantified. In addition, a follow-up study was conducted regarding nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions from the Tula Industrial area.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4672/4/4/31sulfur dioxidenitrogen dioxideformaldehydeTula industrial complexDOASremote sensing |
| spellingShingle | Claudia I. Rivera-Cárdenas Thiare Arellano The Tula Industrial Area Field Experiment: Quantitative Measurements of Formaldehyde, Sulfur Dioxide, and Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions Using Mobile Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy Instruments Pollutants sulfur dioxide nitrogen dioxide formaldehyde Tula industrial complex DOAS remote sensing |
| title | The Tula Industrial Area Field Experiment: Quantitative Measurements of Formaldehyde, Sulfur Dioxide, and Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions Using Mobile Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy Instruments |
| title_full | The Tula Industrial Area Field Experiment: Quantitative Measurements of Formaldehyde, Sulfur Dioxide, and Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions Using Mobile Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy Instruments |
| title_fullStr | The Tula Industrial Area Field Experiment: Quantitative Measurements of Formaldehyde, Sulfur Dioxide, and Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions Using Mobile Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy Instruments |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Tula Industrial Area Field Experiment: Quantitative Measurements of Formaldehyde, Sulfur Dioxide, and Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions Using Mobile Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy Instruments |
| title_short | The Tula Industrial Area Field Experiment: Quantitative Measurements of Formaldehyde, Sulfur Dioxide, and Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions Using Mobile Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy Instruments |
| title_sort | tula industrial area field experiment quantitative measurements of formaldehyde sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide emissions using mobile differential optical absorption spectroscopy instruments |
| topic | sulfur dioxide nitrogen dioxide formaldehyde Tula industrial complex DOAS remote sensing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4672/4/4/31 |
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