Nanotechnology in Pain Management
Chronic pain is a debilitating condition that affects millions of patients worldwide, contributing to a high disease burden and millions of dollars in lost wages, missed workdays, and healthcare costs. Opioids, NSAIDs, acetaminophen, gabapentinoids, muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, and antidepress...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/1479 |
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| author | Andrew Torpey Emily Bellow Veronica Samojedny Sukhpreet Ahluwalia Amruta Desai William Caldwell Sergio Bergese |
| author_facet | Andrew Torpey Emily Bellow Veronica Samojedny Sukhpreet Ahluwalia Amruta Desai William Caldwell Sergio Bergese |
| author_sort | Andrew Torpey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chronic pain is a debilitating condition that affects millions of patients worldwide, contributing to a high disease burden and millions of dollars in lost wages, missed workdays, and healthcare costs. Opioids, NSAIDs, acetaminophen, gabapentinoids, muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants are the most used medications for chronic pain and carry significant side effects, including gastric bleeding, hepatotoxicity, stroke, kidney damage, constipation, dizziness, and arrhythmias. Opioids in particular carry the risk of long-term dependence, drug tolerance, and overdose. In 2022, 81,806 people died from opioid overdose in the United States alone. Alternative treatments for chronic pain are critically needed, and nanotechnology has emerged as a promising means of achieving effective long-term analgesia while avoiding the adverse side effects associated with conventional pharmacological agents. Nanotechnology-based treatments include liposomes, Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) and other polymeric nanoparticles, and carbon-based polymers, which can help mitigate those adverse side effects. These nanomaterials can serve as drug delivery systems that facilitate controlled release and drug stability via the encapsulation of free molecules and protein-based drugs, leading to longer-lasting analgesia and minimizing side effects. In this review, we examine the role of nanotechnology in addressing concerns associated with conventional chronic pain treatments and discuss the ongoing efforts to develop novel, nanotechnology-based treatments for chronic pain such as nanocapacitor patches, gene therapy, the use of both viral and non-viral vectors, CRISPR, and scavengers. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-64cff741f5a74d2b95a5b862063bf531 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-64cff741f5a74d2b95a5b862063bf5312024-11-26T18:18:09ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232024-11-011611147910.3390/pharmaceutics16111479Nanotechnology in Pain ManagementAndrew Torpey0Emily Bellow1Veronica Samojedny2Sukhpreet Ahluwalia3Amruta Desai4William Caldwell5Sergio Bergese6Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USARenaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USARenaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USADepartment of Surgery, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USADepartment of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USADepartment of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USADepartment of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USAChronic pain is a debilitating condition that affects millions of patients worldwide, contributing to a high disease burden and millions of dollars in lost wages, missed workdays, and healthcare costs. Opioids, NSAIDs, acetaminophen, gabapentinoids, muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants are the most used medications for chronic pain and carry significant side effects, including gastric bleeding, hepatotoxicity, stroke, kidney damage, constipation, dizziness, and arrhythmias. Opioids in particular carry the risk of long-term dependence, drug tolerance, and overdose. In 2022, 81,806 people died from opioid overdose in the United States alone. Alternative treatments for chronic pain are critically needed, and nanotechnology has emerged as a promising means of achieving effective long-term analgesia while avoiding the adverse side effects associated with conventional pharmacological agents. Nanotechnology-based treatments include liposomes, Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) and other polymeric nanoparticles, and carbon-based polymers, which can help mitigate those adverse side effects. These nanomaterials can serve as drug delivery systems that facilitate controlled release and drug stability via the encapsulation of free molecules and protein-based drugs, leading to longer-lasting analgesia and minimizing side effects. In this review, we examine the role of nanotechnology in addressing concerns associated with conventional chronic pain treatments and discuss the ongoing efforts to develop novel, nanotechnology-based treatments for chronic pain such as nanocapacitor patches, gene therapy, the use of both viral and non-viral vectors, CRISPR, and scavengers.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/1479nanotechnologychronic paininflammationdrug deliverynanomaterials |
| spellingShingle | Andrew Torpey Emily Bellow Veronica Samojedny Sukhpreet Ahluwalia Amruta Desai William Caldwell Sergio Bergese Nanotechnology in Pain Management Pharmaceutics nanotechnology chronic pain inflammation drug delivery nanomaterials |
| title | Nanotechnology in Pain Management |
| title_full | Nanotechnology in Pain Management |
| title_fullStr | Nanotechnology in Pain Management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanotechnology in Pain Management |
| title_short | Nanotechnology in Pain Management |
| title_sort | nanotechnology in pain management |
| topic | nanotechnology chronic pain inflammation drug delivery nanomaterials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/1479 |
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