Luminescence Lifetime-Based Water Conductivity Sensing Using a Cationic Dextran-Supported Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complex
Water conductivity sensing relies universally on electrical measurements, which are subject to corrosion of the electrodes and subsequent signal drift in prolonged in situ uses. Furthermore, they cannot provide contactless sensing or remote readout. To this end, a novel device for water conductivity...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Ya Jie Knöbl Lauren M. Johnston José Quílez-Alburquerque Guillermo Orellana |
| author_facet | Ya Jie Knöbl Lauren M. Johnston José Quílez-Alburquerque Guillermo Orellana |
| author_sort | Ya Jie Knöbl |
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| description | Water conductivity sensing relies universally on electrical measurements, which are subject to corrosion of the electrodes and subsequent signal drift in prolonged in situ uses. Furthermore, they cannot provide contactless sensing or remote readout. To this end, a novel device for water conductivity monitoring has been developed by employing a microenvironment-sensitive ruthenium complex, [Ru(2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-disulfonato)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>4−</sup>, embedded into a quaternary ammonium functionalized cross-linked polymer support. The degree of swelling of the latter, which leads to a change in the emission lifetime, depends on the water conductivity. The sensor displays a reversible response (2 min ≤ <i>t</i><sub>90</sub> ≤ 3 min) and has been shown to be stable for >65 h of continuous monitoring of 0.8–12.8 mS cm<sup>−1</sup> KCl solutions. Changes to the cation do not affect the sensor response, while changes to the anion type induce small effects. Variations in the dissolved O<sub>2</sub> or temperature require corrections of the response. The sensor can be interrogated alongside dissolved O<sub>2</sub> and pH luminescent sensors based on the same family of indicator dyes to exploit the definite advantages of luminescence lifetime-based detection. |
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| id | doaj-art-64ba7347b297447587164cde47b28124 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-64ba7347b297447587164cde47b281242025-01-10T13:20:56ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-12-0125112110.3390/s25010121Luminescence Lifetime-Based Water Conductivity Sensing Using a Cationic Dextran-Supported Ru(II) Polypyridyl ComplexYa Jie Knöbl0Lauren M. Johnston1José Quílez-Alburquerque2Guillermo Orellana3Chemical Optosensors & Applied Photochemistry Group (GSOLFA), Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainChemical Optosensors & Applied Photochemistry Group (GSOLFA), Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainChemical Optosensors & Applied Photochemistry Group (GSOLFA), Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainChemical Optosensors & Applied Photochemistry Group (GSOLFA), Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainWater conductivity sensing relies universally on electrical measurements, which are subject to corrosion of the electrodes and subsequent signal drift in prolonged in situ uses. Furthermore, they cannot provide contactless sensing or remote readout. To this end, a novel device for water conductivity monitoring has been developed by employing a microenvironment-sensitive ruthenium complex, [Ru(2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-disulfonato)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>4−</sup>, embedded into a quaternary ammonium functionalized cross-linked polymer support. The degree of swelling of the latter, which leads to a change in the emission lifetime, depends on the water conductivity. The sensor displays a reversible response (2 min ≤ <i>t</i><sub>90</sub> ≤ 3 min) and has been shown to be stable for >65 h of continuous monitoring of 0.8–12.8 mS cm<sup>−1</sup> KCl solutions. Changes to the cation do not affect the sensor response, while changes to the anion type induce small effects. Variations in the dissolved O<sub>2</sub> or temperature require corrections of the response. The sensor can be interrogated alongside dissolved O<sub>2</sub> and pH luminescent sensors based on the same family of indicator dyes to exploit the definite advantages of luminescence lifetime-based detection.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/1/121electrical conductivitywaterluminescent sensorsluminescence lifetimeenvironmental monitoring |
| spellingShingle | Ya Jie Knöbl Lauren M. Johnston José Quílez-Alburquerque Guillermo Orellana Luminescence Lifetime-Based Water Conductivity Sensing Using a Cationic Dextran-Supported Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complex Sensors electrical conductivity water luminescent sensors luminescence lifetime environmental monitoring |
| title | Luminescence Lifetime-Based Water Conductivity Sensing Using a Cationic Dextran-Supported Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complex |
| title_full | Luminescence Lifetime-Based Water Conductivity Sensing Using a Cationic Dextran-Supported Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complex |
| title_fullStr | Luminescence Lifetime-Based Water Conductivity Sensing Using a Cationic Dextran-Supported Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complex |
| title_full_unstemmed | Luminescence Lifetime-Based Water Conductivity Sensing Using a Cationic Dextran-Supported Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complex |
| title_short | Luminescence Lifetime-Based Water Conductivity Sensing Using a Cationic Dextran-Supported Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complex |
| title_sort | luminescence lifetime based water conductivity sensing using a cationic dextran supported ru ii polypyridyl complex |
| topic | electrical conductivity water luminescent sensors luminescence lifetime environmental monitoring |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/1/121 |
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