Undermining Liberal Democracy? Cross‐Level Opposition in Madrid Regional President's Speeches During the Pandemic Crisis

This article offers a theoretical contribution to the study of political opposition during the Covid‐19 pandemic crisis. In liberal democracies, the crisis often amplified executive dominance, thereby weakening the institutional opposition’s key role in providing scrutiny on government policies. Whi...

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Main Authors: Taru Haapala, Andreu Teruel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cogitatio 2025-06-01
Series:Politics and Governance
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/9788
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author Taru Haapala
Andreu Teruel
author_facet Taru Haapala
Andreu Teruel
author_sort Taru Haapala
collection DOAJ
description This article offers a theoretical contribution to the study of political opposition during the Covid‐19 pandemic crisis. In liberal democracies, the crisis often amplified executive dominance, thereby weakening the institutional opposition’s key role in providing scrutiny on government policies. While governmental emergency powers during the pandemic have been previously critically assessed, the strategic deployment of contestation by opposition actors has received less attention. Given the foundational role of “opposition” in liberal democratic theory, this oversight is notable. Recent scholarship has increasingly emphasised the importance of opposition as a pillar of democratic resilience. In the context of global democratic backsliding, the fundamentals of liberal democracy are at stake. This article examines a case from Spain, where Madrid’s regional government positioned itself in direct opposition to the central government. Our conceptual analysis shows that parliamentary questions in the Madrid parliament were used by the incumbent, Isabel Díaz Ayuso, as a platform for what we call “cross‐level opposition.” The research question is: How did this regional leader discursively construct political opposition by challenging the central government during the pandemic, and what does that mean for liberal democracy? Our findings reveal two key dynamics: the use of conceptual nodal points in Ayuso’s rhetoric and the irregular nature of her parliamentary questions, without the prime minister facing her in the same parliamentary space. We argue that such forms of cross‐level opposition, while seemingly consistent with democratic contestation, can ultimately erode the norms and institutional integrity that underpin liberal democracy.
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spelling doaj-art-6492f4b2b9024df3a03163a1959737a52025-08-21T09:23:08ZengCogitatioPolitics and Governance2183-24632025-06-0113010.17645/pag.97884218Undermining Liberal Democracy? Cross‐Level Opposition in Madrid Regional President's Speeches During the Pandemic CrisisTaru Haapala0Andreu Teruel1University of Jyväskylä, Finland / Department of Political Science and International Relations, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, SpainDepartment of Constitutional Law, Political and Administrative Sciences, Universitat de València, SpainThis article offers a theoretical contribution to the study of political opposition during the Covid‐19 pandemic crisis. In liberal democracies, the crisis often amplified executive dominance, thereby weakening the institutional opposition’s key role in providing scrutiny on government policies. While governmental emergency powers during the pandemic have been previously critically assessed, the strategic deployment of contestation by opposition actors has received less attention. Given the foundational role of “opposition” in liberal democratic theory, this oversight is notable. Recent scholarship has increasingly emphasised the importance of opposition as a pillar of democratic resilience. In the context of global democratic backsliding, the fundamentals of liberal democracy are at stake. This article examines a case from Spain, where Madrid’s regional government positioned itself in direct opposition to the central government. Our conceptual analysis shows that parliamentary questions in the Madrid parliament were used by the incumbent, Isabel Díaz Ayuso, as a platform for what we call “cross‐level opposition.” The research question is: How did this regional leader discursively construct political opposition by challenging the central government during the pandemic, and what does that mean for liberal democracy? Our findings reveal two key dynamics: the use of conceptual nodal points in Ayuso’s rhetoric and the irregular nature of her parliamentary questions, without the prime minister facing her in the same parliamentary space. We argue that such forms of cross‐level opposition, while seemingly consistent with democratic contestation, can ultimately erode the norms and institutional integrity that underpin liberal democracy.https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/9788crisisliberal democracymulti‐level polityoppositionparliamentary questionsspain
spellingShingle Taru Haapala
Andreu Teruel
Undermining Liberal Democracy? Cross‐Level Opposition in Madrid Regional President's Speeches During the Pandemic Crisis
Politics and Governance
crisis
liberal democracy
multi‐level polity
opposition
parliamentary questions
spain
title Undermining Liberal Democracy? Cross‐Level Opposition in Madrid Regional President's Speeches During the Pandemic Crisis
title_full Undermining Liberal Democracy? Cross‐Level Opposition in Madrid Regional President's Speeches During the Pandemic Crisis
title_fullStr Undermining Liberal Democracy? Cross‐Level Opposition in Madrid Regional President's Speeches During the Pandemic Crisis
title_full_unstemmed Undermining Liberal Democracy? Cross‐Level Opposition in Madrid Regional President's Speeches During the Pandemic Crisis
title_short Undermining Liberal Democracy? Cross‐Level Opposition in Madrid Regional President's Speeches During the Pandemic Crisis
title_sort undermining liberal democracy cross level opposition in madrid regional president s speeches during the pandemic crisis
topic crisis
liberal democracy
multi‐level polity
opposition
parliamentary questions
spain
url https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/9788
work_keys_str_mv AT taruhaapala underminingliberaldemocracycrossleveloppositioninmadridregionalpresidentsspeechesduringthepandemiccrisis
AT andreuteruel underminingliberaldemocracycrossleveloppositioninmadridregionalpresidentsspeechesduringthepandemiccrisis