Estimating and forecasting daily reference crop evapotranspiration in China with temperature-driven deep learning modelsMendeley Data

Accurately estimating and forecasting short-term daily reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is crucial for real-time irrigation decision-making and regional agricultural water management. Although the Penman-Monteith formula shows high accuracy, the requirement for excessive meteorological factor...

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Main Authors: Jia Zhang, Yimin Ding, Lei Zhu, Yukuai Wan, Mingtang Chai, Pengpeng Ding
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-02-01
Series:Agricultural Water Management
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377424006048
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author Jia Zhang
Yimin Ding
Lei Zhu
Yukuai Wan
Mingtang Chai
Pengpeng Ding
author_facet Jia Zhang
Yimin Ding
Lei Zhu
Yukuai Wan
Mingtang Chai
Pengpeng Ding
author_sort Jia Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Accurately estimating and forecasting short-term daily reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is crucial for real-time irrigation decision-making and regional agricultural water management. Although the Penman-Monteith formula shows high accuracy, the requirement for excessive meteorological factors by this formula restricts its practical application. Previous studies have developed many ETo estimation models using deep learning (DL) algorithm, which only require temperature data as input. Subsequently, temperature forecast data is used to drive these models for ETo forecasting. However, these models are often limited to the specific locations of their training sets due to significant climatic variations across regions. Besides, weather forecasts at different lead days typically exhibit different biases. It remains unclear whether train ETo forecasting models for different lead times will enhance the overall forecasting accuracy. Hence, in this study, we innovatively utilized an extensive array of weather forecast data to develop customized ETo forecasting models for each day of the next 15 days, while incorporating both location and seasonal features into the model training procedure. Five deep learning (DL) models were employed in this study, namely Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Convolutional Neural Networks Bi-LSTM (CNN-BiLSTM), and CNN-BiLSTM-Attention. The results revealed that the differences in the performance of estimating ETo among the DL models were less pronounced compared to the variations that existed between diverse training strategies. By integrating location and seasonality information into the training set, we found a notable improvement in the accuracy of ETo estimating, with the average Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the five DL models decreasing from 0.55 mm d−1 to 0.48 mm d−1. Furthermore, when we directly employed a larger volume of weather forecast data to train the models, the forecasting accuracy of ETo was significantly improved, and among the five DL models, GRU performs the best. Specifically, the RMSE values for the ETo forecasts made by GRU model for the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 15th days in the future have decreased from 0.70, 0.87, 1.00 and 1.33 mm d−1 to 0.51, 0.56, 0.61 and 0.67 mm d−1, respectively. Additionally, compared to previous studies, we have successfully extended the lead time of ETo forecasts from 7 days to 15 days. These results indicate that the ETo estimating and forecasting models developed in this study demonstrate strong applicability across the entire country, which can provide effective support for irrigation water resource management.
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publishDate 2025-02-01
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spelling doaj-art-647863096a1547abb5430efca4e8a7112025-01-07T04:16:57ZengElsevierAgricultural Water Management1873-22832025-02-01307109268Estimating and forecasting daily reference crop evapotranspiration in China with temperature-driven deep learning modelsMendeley DataJia Zhang0Yimin Ding1Lei Zhu2Yukuai Wan3Mingtang Chai4Pengpeng Ding5School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of the Internet of Water and Digital Water Governance of the Yellow River, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaSchool of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of the Internet of Water and Digital Water Governance of the Yellow River, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Irrigation in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area of Water Resources Ministry, Yinchuan 750100, China; Corresponding author at: School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of the Internet of Water and Digital Water Governance of the Yellow River, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Irrigation in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area of Water Resources Ministry, Yinchuan 750100, ChinaSchool of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of the Internet of Water and Digital Water Governance of the Yellow River, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaSchool of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of the Internet of Water and Digital Water Governance of the Yellow River, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaSchool of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Key Laboratory of the Internet of Water and Digital Water Governance of the Yellow River, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaAccurately estimating and forecasting short-term daily reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is crucial for real-time irrigation decision-making and regional agricultural water management. Although the Penman-Monteith formula shows high accuracy, the requirement for excessive meteorological factors by this formula restricts its practical application. Previous studies have developed many ETo estimation models using deep learning (DL) algorithm, which only require temperature data as input. Subsequently, temperature forecast data is used to drive these models for ETo forecasting. However, these models are often limited to the specific locations of their training sets due to significant climatic variations across regions. Besides, weather forecasts at different lead days typically exhibit different biases. It remains unclear whether train ETo forecasting models for different lead times will enhance the overall forecasting accuracy. Hence, in this study, we innovatively utilized an extensive array of weather forecast data to develop customized ETo forecasting models for each day of the next 15 days, while incorporating both location and seasonal features into the model training procedure. Five deep learning (DL) models were employed in this study, namely Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Convolutional Neural Networks Bi-LSTM (CNN-BiLSTM), and CNN-BiLSTM-Attention. The results revealed that the differences in the performance of estimating ETo among the DL models were less pronounced compared to the variations that existed between diverse training strategies. By integrating location and seasonality information into the training set, we found a notable improvement in the accuracy of ETo estimating, with the average Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the five DL models decreasing from 0.55 mm d−1 to 0.48 mm d−1. Furthermore, when we directly employed a larger volume of weather forecast data to train the models, the forecasting accuracy of ETo was significantly improved, and among the five DL models, GRU performs the best. Specifically, the RMSE values for the ETo forecasts made by GRU model for the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 15th days in the future have decreased from 0.70, 0.87, 1.00 and 1.33 mm d−1 to 0.51, 0.56, 0.61 and 0.67 mm d−1, respectively. Additionally, compared to previous studies, we have successfully extended the lead time of ETo forecasts from 7 days to 15 days. These results indicate that the ETo estimating and forecasting models developed in this study demonstrate strong applicability across the entire country, which can provide effective support for irrigation water resource management.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377424006048Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)Public weather forecast15-day-aheadLimited meteorological input
spellingShingle Jia Zhang
Yimin Ding
Lei Zhu
Yukuai Wan
Mingtang Chai
Pengpeng Ding
Estimating and forecasting daily reference crop evapotranspiration in China with temperature-driven deep learning modelsMendeley Data
Agricultural Water Management
Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
Public weather forecast
15-day-ahead
Limited meteorological input
title Estimating and forecasting daily reference crop evapotranspiration in China with temperature-driven deep learning modelsMendeley Data
title_full Estimating and forecasting daily reference crop evapotranspiration in China with temperature-driven deep learning modelsMendeley Data
title_fullStr Estimating and forecasting daily reference crop evapotranspiration in China with temperature-driven deep learning modelsMendeley Data
title_full_unstemmed Estimating and forecasting daily reference crop evapotranspiration in China with temperature-driven deep learning modelsMendeley Data
title_short Estimating and forecasting daily reference crop evapotranspiration in China with temperature-driven deep learning modelsMendeley Data
title_sort estimating and forecasting daily reference crop evapotranspiration in china with temperature driven deep learning modelsmendeley data
topic Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
Public weather forecast
15-day-ahead
Limited meteorological input
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377424006048
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