Evaluation and Modeling of Image Sharpness of Chinese Gaofen-1/2/6/7 Optical Remote-Sensing Satellites Over Time
Image sharpness assesses detail visibility in remote-sensing images and measures sensors' details resolution capability. Sensor aging and environmental changes can degrade image sharpness and quality. The Gaofen (GF) satellites provide diverse remote-sensing imagery, but evaluations of their sh...
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10741340/ |
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| author | Jiayang Cao Litao Li Yonghua Jiang Xin Shen Deren Li Meilin Tan |
| author_facet | Jiayang Cao Litao Li Yonghua Jiang Xin Shen Deren Li Meilin Tan |
| author_sort | Jiayang Cao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Image sharpness assesses detail visibility in remote-sensing images and measures sensors' details resolution capability. Sensor aging and environmental changes can degrade image sharpness and quality. The Gaofen (GF) satellites provide diverse remote-sensing imagery, but evaluations of their sharpness are limited. In this study, for the GF1/2/6/7 optical remote-sensing satellites in the space-based system of the China High-Resolution Earth Observation System (CHEOS) major special project, we evaluated the relative edge response (RER), full width at half maximum (FWHM), and modulation transfer function (MTF) of the images, using nearly ten years of ground target image data. This measures image sharpness and models how it changes over time with different sensors. Within ten years of on-orbit operation, the RER and MTF (@Nyquist frequency) of GF1/2 are 0.51 and 0.50, and 0.15 and 0.11, respectively. This indicated good image edge and high-frequency detail responsiveness, with FWHM of 1.16 and 1.17, respectively, showing a slight image sharpening. For GF6, the RER, MTF (@Nyquist frequency), and FWHM were 0.42, 0.09, and 1.39, indicating improved sharpening compared with GF1/2 but decreased edge and high-frequency detail response. The RER, MTF (@Nyquist frequency), and FWHM of the panchromatic images of GF7 were 0.32, 0.04, and 1.91, which indicate image blur. Meanwhile, the corresponding indicators for the multispectral images were 0.45, 0.14, and 1.40, better than the panchromatic images. Long-term data showed periodic sharpness variations in satellite images, with GF6s stability and minimal track differences being superior. The dynamic change pattern corresponds to a fourth-order polynomial model. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-63a00fe3f17c43818bd7061d3e998753 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1939-1404 2151-1535 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-63a00fe3f17c43818bd7061d3e9987532024-11-26T00:00:08ZengIEEEIEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing1939-14042151-15352024-01-0117201502016310.1109/JSTARS.2024.349073810741340Evaluation and Modeling of Image Sharpness of Chinese Gaofen-1/2/6/7 Optical Remote-Sensing Satellites Over TimeJiayang Cao0Litao Li1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9788-732XYonghua Jiang2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5777-4144Xin Shen3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9692-822XDeren Li4Meilin Tan5College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, ChinaCollege of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, ChinaSchool of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaInner Mongolia Autonomous Region Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information Centre, Hohhot, ChinaImage sharpness assesses detail visibility in remote-sensing images and measures sensors' details resolution capability. Sensor aging and environmental changes can degrade image sharpness and quality. The Gaofen (GF) satellites provide diverse remote-sensing imagery, but evaluations of their sharpness are limited. In this study, for the GF1/2/6/7 optical remote-sensing satellites in the space-based system of the China High-Resolution Earth Observation System (CHEOS) major special project, we evaluated the relative edge response (RER), full width at half maximum (FWHM), and modulation transfer function (MTF) of the images, using nearly ten years of ground target image data. This measures image sharpness and models how it changes over time with different sensors. Within ten years of on-orbit operation, the RER and MTF (@Nyquist frequency) of GF1/2 are 0.51 and 0.50, and 0.15 and 0.11, respectively. This indicated good image edge and high-frequency detail responsiveness, with FWHM of 1.16 and 1.17, respectively, showing a slight image sharpening. For GF6, the RER, MTF (@Nyquist frequency), and FWHM were 0.42, 0.09, and 1.39, indicating improved sharpening compared with GF1/2 but decreased edge and high-frequency detail response. The RER, MTF (@Nyquist frequency), and FWHM of the panchromatic images of GF7 were 0.32, 0.04, and 1.91, which indicate image blur. Meanwhile, the corresponding indicators for the multispectral images were 0.45, 0.14, and 1.40, better than the panchromatic images. Long-term data showed periodic sharpness variations in satellite images, with GF6s stability and minimal track differences being superior. The dynamic change pattern corresponds to a fourth-order polynomial model.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10741340/Full width at half maximum (FWHM)Gaofen (GF) remote-sensing satellitesimage sharpnessmodulation transfer function (MTF)relative edge response (RER) |
| spellingShingle | Jiayang Cao Litao Li Yonghua Jiang Xin Shen Deren Li Meilin Tan Evaluation and Modeling of Image Sharpness of Chinese Gaofen-1/2/6/7 Optical Remote-Sensing Satellites Over Time IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing Full width at half maximum (FWHM) Gaofen (GF) remote-sensing satellites image sharpness modulation transfer function (MTF) relative edge response (RER) |
| title | Evaluation and Modeling of Image Sharpness of Chinese Gaofen-1/2/6/7 Optical Remote-Sensing Satellites Over Time |
| title_full | Evaluation and Modeling of Image Sharpness of Chinese Gaofen-1/2/6/7 Optical Remote-Sensing Satellites Over Time |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation and Modeling of Image Sharpness of Chinese Gaofen-1/2/6/7 Optical Remote-Sensing Satellites Over Time |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation and Modeling of Image Sharpness of Chinese Gaofen-1/2/6/7 Optical Remote-Sensing Satellites Over Time |
| title_short | Evaluation and Modeling of Image Sharpness of Chinese Gaofen-1/2/6/7 Optical Remote-Sensing Satellites Over Time |
| title_sort | evaluation and modeling of image sharpness of chinese gaofen 1 x002f 2 x002f 6 x002f 7 optical remote sensing satellites over time |
| topic | Full width at half maximum (FWHM) Gaofen (GF) remote-sensing satellites image sharpness modulation transfer function (MTF) relative edge response (RER) |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10741340/ |
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