Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Evaluation of <i>Lespedeza cuneata</i> Extract Against Periodontal Pathogens and Human Gingival Cells: A Novel Option for Periodontal Therapy
Background: This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effect of <i>Lespedeza cuneata</i> extract on <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (<i>P. gingivalis</i>), a principal bacterium in periodontal disease, and its impact on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Metho...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/1/190 |
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| Summary: | Background: This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effect of <i>Lespedeza cuneata</i> extract on <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (<i>P. gingivalis</i>), a principal bacterium in periodontal disease, and its impact on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Methods: Dried <i>Lespedeza cuneata</i> was extracted using 70% ethanol, concentrated, and freeze-dried to obtain the <i>Lespedeza cuneata</i> extract in powder form. The antibacterial effect, indicated by the inhibition of <i>P. gingivalis</i> growth, was assessed by administering concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/mL. After 24 h of anaerobic incubation, colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) were measured. Cytotoxicity on HGF cells was evaluated after treatment with WST-1 solution followed by incubation at 37 °C, 5% CO<sub>2</sub> for 2 h. Cell morphology and proliferation were assessed using the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Results: The antibacterial effect of <i>Lespedeza cuneata</i> extract was concentration-dependent, with 99.98% inhibition observed at 5 mg/mL, 99.99% at 10 mg/mL, and no detectable CFUs were observed at 40 mg/mL under the tested conditions. Evaluating the change in growth rate of HGF cells showed a decrease in cell viability as the concentration increased, and the application of <i>Lespedeza cuneata</i> extract at 10 mg/mL was found to be a safe and effective concentration with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Conclusion: Based on the antibacterial effect, cytotoxicity, and safety profile of <i>Lespedeza cuneata</i> extract, it holds potential as a natural extract material for the prevention, improvement, or treatment of periodontal disease. Additionally, validation of the practical approach will be necessary via a clinical applicability evaluation. |
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| ISSN: | 2076-3417 |