Toxigenic Cyanobacteria and Microcystins in a Large Northern Oligotrophic Lake Onego, Russia

Toxigenic cyanobacteria and microcystins in the oligotrophic pelagic zone and mesotrophic bay of Lake Onego—the second largest lake in Europe—were found for the first time. Microscopic analysis revealed that <i>Dolichospermum lemmermannii, D. circinale</i> and <i>D. spiroides</i...

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Main Authors: Elena Tekanova, Sergey Sidelev, Nataliia Kalinkina, Ekaterina Chernova, Sophia Barinova, Andrey Sharov, Valeria Smirnova
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Toxins
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/16/11/457
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Summary:Toxigenic cyanobacteria and microcystins in the oligotrophic pelagic zone and mesotrophic bay of Lake Onego—the second largest lake in Europe—were found for the first time. Microscopic analysis revealed that <i>Dolichospermum lemmermannii, D. circinale</i> and <i>D. spiroides</i> dominated in bloom spots in the oligotrophic zone of the lake and <i>D. flos-aquae</i> and <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> OKin the eutrophic bay. The abundance of cyanobacteria in bloom spots is potentially hazardous for humans and animals. PCR-analysis showed that <i>mcyA</i> gene involved in microcystin biosynthesis was found in cyanobacteria of the genera <i>Dolichospermum</i> and <i>Microcystis</i>. Five structural variants of intracellular microcystins were detected in a trace amount using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass-spectrometry of high resolution. The most hazardous hepatotoxin, MC-LR, was found only in the eutrophic bay. In the present study, the reasons for the low cyanotoxin content in the phytoplankton dominated by <i>Dolichospermum</i> are discussed. The findings of our study make a significant contribution to the accumulation of facts which state that toxigenic cyanobacterial blooms can occur in large oligotrophic lakes.
ISSN:2072-6651