The roots of the cultural deviation of Sufism in the ancient Turkic nomadic culture

IntroductionThis study investigates the integration of Sufism into medieval Turkic nomadic culture, analyzing how Sufi rituals, saintly authority, and scholarly networks reshaped social structures and collective identity on the Eurasian steppe.MethodsWe assembled a multidisciplinary corpus, includin...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Akaidar Kurmanbek, Yeldos Osserbayev, Almasbek Shagyrbay, Bekzhan Azhimov, Bekzhan D. Kossalbayev
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Communication
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomm.2025.1591725/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849247178103455744
author Akaidar Kurmanbek
Yeldos Osserbayev
Almasbek Shagyrbay
Bekzhan Azhimov
Bekzhan D. Kossalbayev
author_facet Akaidar Kurmanbek
Yeldos Osserbayev
Almasbek Shagyrbay
Bekzhan Azhimov
Bekzhan D. Kossalbayev
author_sort Akaidar Kurmanbek
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionThis study investigates the integration of Sufism into medieval Turkic nomadic culture, analyzing how Sufi rituals, saintly authority, and scholarly networks reshaped social structures and collective identity on the Eurasian steppe.MethodsWe assembled a multidisciplinary corpus, including Divan‑i Ḥikmet verses, 12th-14th‑century hagiographies, waqf endowments, archaeological surveys, and secondary literature, and applied hermeneutic coding in NVivo to identify ritual motifs and symbolic continuities. Ragin’s comparative method organized data across four dimensions: ritual form, institutional patterns, symbolic vocabulary, and succession mechanisms, with intercoder reliability ensured through author reviews.ResultsWe found that communal dhikr ceremonies and whirling dances generated Durkheimian collective effervescence that amplified indigenous circle‑based traditions and accelerated Sufi adoption; that charismatic saints such as Khoja Aḥmad Yasawi transcended tribal loyalties through reputed miracles and moral prestige, founding khanqahs and neutral mazars to facilitate peaceful Islamization; and that Qurʾānic literacy, mastery of Sufi poetry, and formal ijāzas functioned as new forms of cultural capital enabling social mobility. Comparative analysis of South Asian, Anatolian, and North African cases confirms Sufism’s role as a cultural mediator adapting to local cosmologies.DiscussionOur findings show how Sufism simultaneously preserved pre‑Islamic values and transformed Turkic society, revealing the explanatory limits of Durkheim, Weber, and Bourdieu when applied in isolation and highlighting the value of a complementary theoretical approach.
format Article
id doaj-art-6265e704625c4b6cbd2cfc1d81f9b67d
institution Kabale University
issn 2297-900X
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Communication
spelling doaj-art-6265e704625c4b6cbd2cfc1d81f9b67d2025-08-20T03:58:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Communication2297-900X2025-08-011010.3389/fcomm.2025.15917251591725The roots of the cultural deviation of Sufism in the ancient Turkic nomadic cultureAkaidar Kurmanbek0Yeldos Osserbayev1Almasbek Shagyrbay2Bekzhan Azhimov3Bekzhan D. Kossalbayev4Faculty of Philosophy and Political Science, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KazakhstanFaculty of Philosophy and Political Science, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KazakhstanInstitute of Philosophy, Political Science and Religious Studies by the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, KazakhstanDepartment of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Egyptian University of Islamic Culture Nur-Mubarak, Almaty, KazakhstanDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Geology and Oil-Gas Business Institute named after K. Turyssov, Satbayev University, Almaty, KazakhstanIntroductionThis study investigates the integration of Sufism into medieval Turkic nomadic culture, analyzing how Sufi rituals, saintly authority, and scholarly networks reshaped social structures and collective identity on the Eurasian steppe.MethodsWe assembled a multidisciplinary corpus, including Divan‑i Ḥikmet verses, 12th-14th‑century hagiographies, waqf endowments, archaeological surveys, and secondary literature, and applied hermeneutic coding in NVivo to identify ritual motifs and symbolic continuities. Ragin’s comparative method organized data across four dimensions: ritual form, institutional patterns, symbolic vocabulary, and succession mechanisms, with intercoder reliability ensured through author reviews.ResultsWe found that communal dhikr ceremonies and whirling dances generated Durkheimian collective effervescence that amplified indigenous circle‑based traditions and accelerated Sufi adoption; that charismatic saints such as Khoja Aḥmad Yasawi transcended tribal loyalties through reputed miracles and moral prestige, founding khanqahs and neutral mazars to facilitate peaceful Islamization; and that Qurʾānic literacy, mastery of Sufi poetry, and formal ijāzas functioned as new forms of cultural capital enabling social mobility. Comparative analysis of South Asian, Anatolian, and North African cases confirms Sufism’s role as a cultural mediator adapting to local cosmologies.DiscussionOur findings show how Sufism simultaneously preserved pre‑Islamic values and transformed Turkic society, revealing the explanatory limits of Durkheim, Weber, and Bourdieu when applied in isolation and highlighting the value of a complementary theoretical approach.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomm.2025.1591725/fullcultural deviationSufismcharismatic authoritycultural capitalidentity formation
spellingShingle Akaidar Kurmanbek
Yeldos Osserbayev
Almasbek Shagyrbay
Bekzhan Azhimov
Bekzhan D. Kossalbayev
The roots of the cultural deviation of Sufism in the ancient Turkic nomadic culture
Frontiers in Communication
cultural deviation
Sufism
charismatic authority
cultural capital
identity formation
title The roots of the cultural deviation of Sufism in the ancient Turkic nomadic culture
title_full The roots of the cultural deviation of Sufism in the ancient Turkic nomadic culture
title_fullStr The roots of the cultural deviation of Sufism in the ancient Turkic nomadic culture
title_full_unstemmed The roots of the cultural deviation of Sufism in the ancient Turkic nomadic culture
title_short The roots of the cultural deviation of Sufism in the ancient Turkic nomadic culture
title_sort roots of the cultural deviation of sufism in the ancient turkic nomadic culture
topic cultural deviation
Sufism
charismatic authority
cultural capital
identity formation
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomm.2025.1591725/full
work_keys_str_mv AT akaidarkurmanbek therootsoftheculturaldeviationofsufismintheancientturkicnomadicculture
AT yeldososserbayev therootsoftheculturaldeviationofsufismintheancientturkicnomadicculture
AT almasbekshagyrbay therootsoftheculturaldeviationofsufismintheancientturkicnomadicculture
AT bekzhanazhimov therootsoftheculturaldeviationofsufismintheancientturkicnomadicculture
AT bekzhandkossalbayev therootsoftheculturaldeviationofsufismintheancientturkicnomadicculture
AT akaidarkurmanbek rootsoftheculturaldeviationofsufismintheancientturkicnomadicculture
AT yeldososserbayev rootsoftheculturaldeviationofsufismintheancientturkicnomadicculture
AT almasbekshagyrbay rootsoftheculturaldeviationofsufismintheancientturkicnomadicculture
AT bekzhanazhimov rootsoftheculturaldeviationofsufismintheancientturkicnomadicculture
AT bekzhandkossalbayev rootsoftheculturaldeviationofsufismintheancientturkicnomadicculture