Optimizing Post-Quantum Digital Signatures with Verkle Trees and Quantum Seed-Based Pseudo-Random Generators

Nowadays, quantum computing is developing at an unprecedented speed. This will pose a serious threat to the security of widely used public-key cryptosystems in the near future. Scientists are actively looking for ways to protect against quantum attacks; however, existing solutions still face differe...

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Main Authors: Maksim Iavich, Nursulu Kapalova
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Computers
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/3/103
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author Maksim Iavich
Nursulu Kapalova
author_facet Maksim Iavich
Nursulu Kapalova
author_sort Maksim Iavich
collection DOAJ
description Nowadays, quantum computing is developing at an unprecedented speed. This will pose a serious threat to the security of widely used public-key cryptosystems in the near future. Scientists are actively looking for ways to protect against quantum attacks; however, existing solutions still face different limitations in terms of efficiency and practicality. This paper explores hash-based digital signature schemes, post-quantum vector commitments and Verkle tree-based approaches for protecting against quantum attacks. The paper proposes an improved approach to generating digital signatures based on Verkle trees using lattice based vector commitments. In order to further reduce the memory space, the paper offers the methodology of integrating a post-quantum secure pseudo-random number generator into the scheme. Finally, the paper proposes an efficient post-quantum digital signature scheme based on Verkle trees, which minimizes memory requirements and reduces the signature size. Our proposed framework has strong resistance to quantum attacks, as well as high speed and efficiency. This study is an important contribution to the elaboration of post-quantum cryptosystems, which lays the foundation for developing secure and practical digital signature systems in the face of emerging quantum threats.
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spelling doaj-art-61f087d8c8014c7b87c3b54f0a4005d22025-08-20T03:43:15ZengMDPI AGComputers2073-431X2025-03-0114310310.3390/computers14030103Optimizing Post-Quantum Digital Signatures with Verkle Trees and Quantum Seed-Based Pseudo-Random GeneratorsMaksim Iavich0Nursulu Kapalova1Department of Computer Science, Caucasus University, Tbilisi 0102, GeorgiaLaboratory of Information Security at the Institute of Information and Computational Technologies, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty 050010, KazakhstanNowadays, quantum computing is developing at an unprecedented speed. This will pose a serious threat to the security of widely used public-key cryptosystems in the near future. Scientists are actively looking for ways to protect against quantum attacks; however, existing solutions still face different limitations in terms of efficiency and practicality. This paper explores hash-based digital signature schemes, post-quantum vector commitments and Verkle tree-based approaches for protecting against quantum attacks. The paper proposes an improved approach to generating digital signatures based on Verkle trees using lattice based vector commitments. In order to further reduce the memory space, the paper offers the methodology of integrating a post-quantum secure pseudo-random number generator into the scheme. Finally, the paper proposes an efficient post-quantum digital signature scheme based on Verkle trees, which minimizes memory requirements and reduces the signature size. Our proposed framework has strong resistance to quantum attacks, as well as high speed and efficiency. This study is an important contribution to the elaboration of post-quantum cryptosystems, which lays the foundation for developing secure and practical digital signature systems in the face of emerging quantum threats.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/3/103post-quantum cryptographysecuritymemory optimizationcryptographic applicationsMerkle tree hashVerkle tree
spellingShingle Maksim Iavich
Nursulu Kapalova
Optimizing Post-Quantum Digital Signatures with Verkle Trees and Quantum Seed-Based Pseudo-Random Generators
Computers
post-quantum cryptography
security
memory optimization
cryptographic applications
Merkle tree hash
Verkle tree
title Optimizing Post-Quantum Digital Signatures with Verkle Trees and Quantum Seed-Based Pseudo-Random Generators
title_full Optimizing Post-Quantum Digital Signatures with Verkle Trees and Quantum Seed-Based Pseudo-Random Generators
title_fullStr Optimizing Post-Quantum Digital Signatures with Verkle Trees and Quantum Seed-Based Pseudo-Random Generators
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing Post-Quantum Digital Signatures with Verkle Trees and Quantum Seed-Based Pseudo-Random Generators
title_short Optimizing Post-Quantum Digital Signatures with Verkle Trees and Quantum Seed-Based Pseudo-Random Generators
title_sort optimizing post quantum digital signatures with verkle trees and quantum seed based pseudo random generators
topic post-quantum cryptography
security
memory optimization
cryptographic applications
Merkle tree hash
Verkle tree
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/3/103
work_keys_str_mv AT maksimiavich optimizingpostquantumdigitalsignatureswithverkletreesandquantumseedbasedpseudorandomgenerators
AT nursulukapalova optimizingpostquantumdigitalsignatureswithverkletreesandquantumseedbasedpseudorandomgenerators