Fabrication and evaluation of a CMOS-based energy harvesting chip integrating photovoltaic and thermoelectric energy harvesters

This study explores the development of an energy harvesting chip (EHC) using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, addressing the need for efficient micro-scale energy harvesters in modern electronics. The EHC integrates a thermoelectric energy harvester (TEH) and a photovoltaic...

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Main Authors: Zhi-Xuan Dai, Chun-Yu Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-10-01
Series:Energy Conversion and Management: X
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174524002265
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author Zhi-Xuan Dai
Chun-Yu Chen
author_facet Zhi-Xuan Dai
Chun-Yu Chen
author_sort Zhi-Xuan Dai
collection DOAJ
description This study explores the development of an energy harvesting chip (EHC) using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, addressing the need for efficient micro-scale energy harvesters in modern electronics. The EHC integrates a thermoelectric energy harvester (TEH) and a photovoltaic energy harvester (PEH) to maximize energy conversion efficiency. A key challenge in TEH design is enhancing power output, which is addressed by suspending the cold ends of 41 thermocouples within the TEH structure through post-processing. Experimental methods were employed to assess the performance of the TEH, revealing an output voltage of 21.4 mV and a maximum output power of 9.32 nW under a 3 K temperature difference. The TEH demonstrated a voltage factor of 8.9 mV/(mm2·K) and a power factor of 1.3 nW/(mm2·K2). The PEH was designed with novel patterned p-n junctions, integrating lightly doped n-type regions with interdigitated p-type doping to increase junction density, resulting in high conversion efficiency. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the EHC design, showcasing its potential in energy harvesting applications.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2024-10-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Energy Conversion and Management: X
spelling doaj-art-61d8a4188a8d4f04ad0f4764f9f527252024-12-18T08:51:30ZengElsevierEnergy Conversion and Management: X2590-17452024-10-0124100748Fabrication and evaluation of a CMOS-based energy harvesting chip integrating photovoltaic and thermoelectric energy harvestersZhi-Xuan Dai0Chun-Yu Chen1Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Corresponding author.Chemical Mechanical Polishing Department, Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation, Hsinchu 300, TaiwanThis study explores the development of an energy harvesting chip (EHC) using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, addressing the need for efficient micro-scale energy harvesters in modern electronics. The EHC integrates a thermoelectric energy harvester (TEH) and a photovoltaic energy harvester (PEH) to maximize energy conversion efficiency. A key challenge in TEH design is enhancing power output, which is addressed by suspending the cold ends of 41 thermocouples within the TEH structure through post-processing. Experimental methods were employed to assess the performance of the TEH, revealing an output voltage of 21.4 mV and a maximum output power of 9.32 nW under a 3 K temperature difference. The TEH demonstrated a voltage factor of 8.9 mV/(mm2·K) and a power factor of 1.3 nW/(mm2·K2). The PEH was designed with novel patterned p-n junctions, integrating lightly doped n-type regions with interdigitated p-type doping to increase junction density, resulting in high conversion efficiency. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the EHC design, showcasing its potential in energy harvesting applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174524002265Thermoelectric energy harvesterEnergy harvesting chipPhotovoltaic energy harvesterCMOS processMEMS
spellingShingle Zhi-Xuan Dai
Chun-Yu Chen
Fabrication and evaluation of a CMOS-based energy harvesting chip integrating photovoltaic and thermoelectric energy harvesters
Energy Conversion and Management: X
Thermoelectric energy harvester
Energy harvesting chip
Photovoltaic energy harvester
CMOS process
MEMS
title Fabrication and evaluation of a CMOS-based energy harvesting chip integrating photovoltaic and thermoelectric energy harvesters
title_full Fabrication and evaluation of a CMOS-based energy harvesting chip integrating photovoltaic and thermoelectric energy harvesters
title_fullStr Fabrication and evaluation of a CMOS-based energy harvesting chip integrating photovoltaic and thermoelectric energy harvesters
title_full_unstemmed Fabrication and evaluation of a CMOS-based energy harvesting chip integrating photovoltaic and thermoelectric energy harvesters
title_short Fabrication and evaluation of a CMOS-based energy harvesting chip integrating photovoltaic and thermoelectric energy harvesters
title_sort fabrication and evaluation of a cmos based energy harvesting chip integrating photovoltaic and thermoelectric energy harvesters
topic Thermoelectric energy harvester
Energy harvesting chip
Photovoltaic energy harvester
CMOS process
MEMS
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174524002265
work_keys_str_mv AT zhixuandai fabricationandevaluationofacmosbasedenergyharvestingchipintegratingphotovoltaicandthermoelectricenergyharvesters
AT chunyuchen fabricationandevaluationofacmosbasedenergyharvestingchipintegratingphotovoltaicandthermoelectricenergyharvesters