Scalability and Security in Blockchain Networks: Evaluation of Sharding Algorithms and Prospects for Decentralized Data Storage

This article addresses the issues of scalability and security in blockchain networks, with a focus on sharding algorithms and decentralized data storage. Key challenges include the low throughput and high transaction latency in public networks such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. Sharding is examined as a...

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Main Authors: Andrey L. Bulgakov, Anna V. Aleshina, Sergey D. Smirnov, Alexey D. Demidov, Maxim A. Milyutin, Yanliang Xin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Mathematics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/23/3860
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author Andrey L. Bulgakov
Anna V. Aleshina
Sergey D. Smirnov
Alexey D. Demidov
Maxim A. Milyutin
Yanliang Xin
author_facet Andrey L. Bulgakov
Anna V. Aleshina
Sergey D. Smirnov
Alexey D. Demidov
Maxim A. Milyutin
Yanliang Xin
author_sort Andrey L. Bulgakov
collection DOAJ
description This article addresses the issues of scalability and security in blockchain networks, with a focus on sharding algorithms and decentralized data storage. Key challenges include the low throughput and high transaction latency in public networks such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. Sharding is examined as a method to enhance performance through data distribution, but it raises concerns regarding node management and reliability. Sharding schemes, such as Elastico, OmniLedger, Pyramid, RepChain, and SSchain, are analyzed, each presenting its own advantages and drawbacks. Alternative architectures like Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) demonstrate potential for improved scalability but require further refinement to ensure decentralization and security. Protocols such as Brokerchain, Meepo, AHL, Benzene, and CycLedger offer unique approaches to addressing performance and transaction consistency issues. This article emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach, including dynamic sharding, multi-level consensus, and inter-shard coordination. Additionally, a conceptual model is proposed that incorporates the sharding of transactions, states, and networks, which enables greater scalability and efficiency.
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spelling doaj-art-61c5ea42c63343a0b43e89a17777069d2024-12-13T16:27:59ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902024-12-011223386010.3390/math12233860Scalability and Security in Blockchain Networks: Evaluation of Sharding Algorithms and Prospects for Decentralized Data StorageAndrey L. Bulgakov0Anna V. Aleshina1Sergey D. Smirnov2Alexey D. Demidov3Maxim A. Milyutin4Yanliang Xin5Moscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, RussiaMoscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, RussiaMoscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, RussiaMoscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, RussiaMoscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, RussiaFaculty of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, RussiaThis article addresses the issues of scalability and security in blockchain networks, with a focus on sharding algorithms and decentralized data storage. Key challenges include the low throughput and high transaction latency in public networks such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. Sharding is examined as a method to enhance performance through data distribution, but it raises concerns regarding node management and reliability. Sharding schemes, such as Elastico, OmniLedger, Pyramid, RepChain, and SSchain, are analyzed, each presenting its own advantages and drawbacks. Alternative architectures like Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) demonstrate potential for improved scalability but require further refinement to ensure decentralization and security. Protocols such as Brokerchain, Meepo, AHL, Benzene, and CycLedger offer unique approaches to addressing performance and transaction consistency issues. This article emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach, including dynamic sharding, multi-level consensus, and inter-shard coordination. Additionally, a conceptual model is proposed that incorporates the sharding of transactions, states, and networks, which enables greater scalability and efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/23/3860blockchain technologiesshardingscalabilitysecuritygreen bondssustainable development
spellingShingle Andrey L. Bulgakov
Anna V. Aleshina
Sergey D. Smirnov
Alexey D. Demidov
Maxim A. Milyutin
Yanliang Xin
Scalability and Security in Blockchain Networks: Evaluation of Sharding Algorithms and Prospects for Decentralized Data Storage
Mathematics
blockchain technologies
sharding
scalability
security
green bonds
sustainable development
title Scalability and Security in Blockchain Networks: Evaluation of Sharding Algorithms and Prospects for Decentralized Data Storage
title_full Scalability and Security in Blockchain Networks: Evaluation of Sharding Algorithms and Prospects for Decentralized Data Storage
title_fullStr Scalability and Security in Blockchain Networks: Evaluation of Sharding Algorithms and Prospects for Decentralized Data Storage
title_full_unstemmed Scalability and Security in Blockchain Networks: Evaluation of Sharding Algorithms and Prospects for Decentralized Data Storage
title_short Scalability and Security in Blockchain Networks: Evaluation of Sharding Algorithms and Prospects for Decentralized Data Storage
title_sort scalability and security in blockchain networks evaluation of sharding algorithms and prospects for decentralized data storage
topic blockchain technologies
sharding
scalability
security
green bonds
sustainable development
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/23/3860
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