Benthic communities on restored coral reefs confer equivalent aesthetic value to healthy reefs

Abstract Coral reefs are valuable ecosystems that provide diverse ecosystem services to people. For example, many reefs have exceptionally high tourism value, attracting visitors to experience their ecologically and visually rich reef habitat. However, human-induced degradation can alter ecosystem s...

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Main Authors: Cut Aja Gita Alisa, Tries B. Razak, Nicolas Mouquet, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Christopher R. Hemingson, David Mouillot, Mars Coral Restoration Project monitoring team, Beginer Subhan, Neviaty P. Zamani, Rindah Talitha Vida, Timothy A. C. Lamont
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06373-3
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author Cut Aja Gita Alisa
Tries B. Razak
Nicolas Mouquet
Nicholas A. J. Graham
Christopher R. Hemingson
David Mouillot
Mars Coral Restoration Project monitoring team
Beginer Subhan
Neviaty P. Zamani
Rindah Talitha Vida
Timothy A. C. Lamont
author_facet Cut Aja Gita Alisa
Tries B. Razak
Nicolas Mouquet
Nicholas A. J. Graham
Christopher R. Hemingson
David Mouillot
Mars Coral Restoration Project monitoring team
Beginer Subhan
Neviaty P. Zamani
Rindah Talitha Vida
Timothy A. C. Lamont
author_sort Cut Aja Gita Alisa
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Coral reefs are valuable ecosystems that provide diverse ecosystem services to people. For example, many reefs have exceptionally high tourism value, attracting visitors to experience their ecologically and visually rich reef habitat. However, human-induced degradation can alter ecosystem services, such as when damaged reefs lose their visual appeal. Coral restoration has become a common response to reef degradation, but restoration success is usually evaluated based on coral cover increases rather than ecosystem service recovery. Here, we quantify the aesthetic value of restored reefs at one of the world’s largest coral restoration projects, compared to nearby healthy and degraded reefs. Using deep learning models trained on people’s visual preferences, we estimated the aesthetic value of coral reef benthic photographs with high prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.95). Restored reefs exhibited aesthetic value that was statistically equivalent to healthy reefs and significantly higher than degraded reefs. High aesthetic value was primarily driven by colour diversity and live coral cover, which were both higher in healthy and restored reefs than degraded reefs. Taken together, these results demonstrate the recovery of aesthetic value towards a healthy state after large-scale restoration, indicating that coral restoration can support vital tourism services and well-being contributions to people.
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spelling doaj-art-61c3f7087b5640c49febe652642b0b152025-08-20T04:01:23ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-06373-3Benthic communities on restored coral reefs confer equivalent aesthetic value to healthy reefsCut Aja Gita Alisa0Tries B. Razak1Nicolas Mouquet2Nicholas A. J. Graham3Christopher R. Hemingson4David Mouillot5Mars Coral Restoration Project monitoring teamBeginer Subhan6Neviaty P. Zamani7Rindah Talitha Vida8Timothy A. C. Lamont9Department of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB UniversityDepartment of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB UniversityMARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRDLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster UniversityDepartment of Marine Science, Marine Science Institute, the University of Texas at AustinMARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRDDepartment of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB UniversityDepartment of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB UniversityDepartment of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB UniversityLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster UniversityAbstract Coral reefs are valuable ecosystems that provide diverse ecosystem services to people. For example, many reefs have exceptionally high tourism value, attracting visitors to experience their ecologically and visually rich reef habitat. However, human-induced degradation can alter ecosystem services, such as when damaged reefs lose their visual appeal. Coral restoration has become a common response to reef degradation, but restoration success is usually evaluated based on coral cover increases rather than ecosystem service recovery. Here, we quantify the aesthetic value of restored reefs at one of the world’s largest coral restoration projects, compared to nearby healthy and degraded reefs. Using deep learning models trained on people’s visual preferences, we estimated the aesthetic value of coral reef benthic photographs with high prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.95). Restored reefs exhibited aesthetic value that was statistically equivalent to healthy reefs and significantly higher than degraded reefs. High aesthetic value was primarily driven by colour diversity and live coral cover, which were both higher in healthy and restored reefs than degraded reefs. Taken together, these results demonstrate the recovery of aesthetic value towards a healthy state after large-scale restoration, indicating that coral restoration can support vital tourism services and well-being contributions to people.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06373-3Aesthetic valueColoursCoral reefDeep learningRestoration
spellingShingle Cut Aja Gita Alisa
Tries B. Razak
Nicolas Mouquet
Nicholas A. J. Graham
Christopher R. Hemingson
David Mouillot
Mars Coral Restoration Project monitoring team
Beginer Subhan
Neviaty P. Zamani
Rindah Talitha Vida
Timothy A. C. Lamont
Benthic communities on restored coral reefs confer equivalent aesthetic value to healthy reefs
Scientific Reports
Aesthetic value
Colours
Coral reef
Deep learning
Restoration
title Benthic communities on restored coral reefs confer equivalent aesthetic value to healthy reefs
title_full Benthic communities on restored coral reefs confer equivalent aesthetic value to healthy reefs
title_fullStr Benthic communities on restored coral reefs confer equivalent aesthetic value to healthy reefs
title_full_unstemmed Benthic communities on restored coral reefs confer equivalent aesthetic value to healthy reefs
title_short Benthic communities on restored coral reefs confer equivalent aesthetic value to healthy reefs
title_sort benthic communities on restored coral reefs confer equivalent aesthetic value to healthy reefs
topic Aesthetic value
Colours
Coral reef
Deep learning
Restoration
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06373-3
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