Unstable Work Schedules and Racial Earnings Disparities Among U.S. Workers

Research demonstrates large and persistence disparities in earnings by race-ethnicity, with white and Asian families generally faring far better than black and Hispanic families. One emerging but underexplored factor that may contribute to racial earnings disparities is unstable work hours. Wage wor...

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Main Authors: Julie Y. Cai, Marybeth J. Mattingly
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Russell Sage Foundation 2025-01-01
Series:RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
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author Julie Y. Cai
Marybeth J. Mattingly
author_facet Julie Y. Cai
Marybeth J. Mattingly
author_sort Julie Y. Cai
collection DOAJ
description Research demonstrates large and persistence disparities in earnings by race-ethnicity, with white and Asian families generally faring far better than black and Hispanic families. One emerging but underexplored factor that may contribute to racial earnings disparities is unstable work hours. Wage workers often face earnings consequences when volatility is frequent, involuntary, or unanticipated. Leveraging the panel design of the monthly Current Population Survey, we follow a group of hourly workers across a four-month period to assess whether volatility (both magnitude and direction) in the first three months observed relates to their subsequent earnings in the fourth month of observation. We consider how this unfolds when they remain in the same job and when they switch jobs. Substantial volatility, either when work hours increase or decrease, is associated with lower earnings in the near future, both within- and between-jobs. However, when facing more volatile work schedules and substantial changes in month-to-month hours, black workers earn less than white workers when they remain in the same job. This difference is not observed among job changers.
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series RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
spelling doaj-art-61774d8449fd4edba7e39da9debe9e7a2025-01-02T19:52:28ZengRussell Sage FoundationRSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences2377-82532377-82612025-01-01111201223https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2025.11.1.10Unstable Work Schedules and Racial Earnings Disparities Among U.S. WorkersJulie Y. Cai0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9701-5799Marybeth J. Mattingly1Center for Economic and Policy ResearchFederal Reserve Bank of Boston’s Regional & Community Outreach DepartmentResearch demonstrates large and persistence disparities in earnings by race-ethnicity, with white and Asian families generally faring far better than black and Hispanic families. One emerging but underexplored factor that may contribute to racial earnings disparities is unstable work hours. Wage workers often face earnings consequences when volatility is frequent, involuntary, or unanticipated. Leveraging the panel design of the monthly Current Population Survey, we follow a group of hourly workers across a four-month period to assess whether volatility (both magnitude and direction) in the first three months observed relates to their subsequent earnings in the fourth month of observation. We consider how this unfolds when they remain in the same job and when they switch jobs. Substantial volatility, either when work hours increase or decrease, is associated with lower earnings in the near future, both within- and between-jobs. However, when facing more volatile work schedules and substantial changes in month-to-month hours, black workers earn less than white workers when they remain in the same job. This difference is not observed among job changers.earnings inequalityunstable work schedulesracial wage gapprecarious work
spellingShingle Julie Y. Cai
Marybeth J. Mattingly
Unstable Work Schedules and Racial Earnings Disparities Among U.S. Workers
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
earnings inequality
unstable work schedules
racial wage gap
precarious work
title Unstable Work Schedules and Racial Earnings Disparities Among U.S. Workers
title_full Unstable Work Schedules and Racial Earnings Disparities Among U.S. Workers
title_fullStr Unstable Work Schedules and Racial Earnings Disparities Among U.S. Workers
title_full_unstemmed Unstable Work Schedules and Racial Earnings Disparities Among U.S. Workers
title_short Unstable Work Schedules and Racial Earnings Disparities Among U.S. Workers
title_sort unstable work schedules and racial earnings disparities among u s workers
topic earnings inequality
unstable work schedules
racial wage gap
precarious work
work_keys_str_mv AT julieycai unstableworkschedulesandracialearningsdisparitiesamongusworkers
AT marybethjmattingly unstableworkschedulesandracialearningsdisparitiesamongusworkers