The viva voce innovation and experience at a new medical school in Rwanda
Abstract Background Traditional preclinical viva voce examinations have faced significant criticism due to inherent biases in their format. We developed a novel format and evaluated students’ views and experiences with it. Methods This study consists of two parts. Part 1 describes the development, i...
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Medical Education |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07463-6 |
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| author | Charles Okot Odongo Samuel Ntaganira Nicole Kanyana Jean Paul Ndayizeye Arlene Nishimwe Jean Baptiste Niyibizi Deogratias Ruhangaza Abebe Moges Muche Derbew Fikadu Berhe Patrick Orikiriza Daniel Seifu Abebe Bekele |
| author_facet | Charles Okot Odongo Samuel Ntaganira Nicole Kanyana Jean Paul Ndayizeye Arlene Nishimwe Jean Baptiste Niyibizi Deogratias Ruhangaza Abebe Moges Muche Derbew Fikadu Berhe Patrick Orikiriza Daniel Seifu Abebe Bekele |
| author_sort | Charles Okot Odongo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Traditional preclinical viva voce examinations have faced significant criticism due to inherent biases in their format. We developed a novel format and evaluated students’ views and experiences with it. Methods This study consists of two parts. Part 1 describes the development, implementation and refinement of the preclinical viva voce examination at the University of Global Health Equity, in Rwanda, conducted over a four-year period. Part 2 describes students’ perspectives obtained through a self-administered online questionnaire. Results Part 1: The viva format features structured questions related to authentic clinical scenarios, that underscore the relevance of basic science knowledge to clinical practice. The examination consists of three oral stations plus one image-based station, which targets subjects that are traditionally difficult to examine like embryology, histology, and histopathology. The examination is vertically and horizontally integrated and provides students with multiple opportunities to demonstrate their knowledge. With four or more rotations of this kind, students are simultaneously examined, improving time efficiency, and reducing performance fatigue normally associated with long waiting times. Real-time scoring and commenting on individual student performances on shared files ensure examiner transparency and accountability, reducing bias. The examination ends with a faculty debrief conference, after which students receive individual feedback on their performance. Challenges encountered include examiner preferences for cases and the need for a substantial number of faculty to concurrently manage the numerous viva stations. Part 2: Students reported finding the viva format stressful but acknowledged its long-term benefits, including ability to foster mental agility, promote clinical reasoning, and improve their verbal communication skills. Compared to MCQ assessments, many students felt it was a better way of assessing knowledge, as it eliminated guesswork. Group discussions were identified as the most effective viva preparation strategy. Many students expressed a desire for more supportive interactions from examiners during the viva. Despite these challenges, there was broad agreement that the viva format should be retained. Conclusion The novel preclinical viva format described here enhances the reliability and validity of assessment while providing formative support and early clinical integration. It represents a balanced approach to addressing traditional viva limitations while maintaining educational value. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-613e30a7c0de4a17acbf4e491aa50f8f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1472-6920 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Medical Education |
| spelling | doaj-art-613e30a7c0de4a17acbf4e491aa50f8f2025-08-20T03:45:32ZengBMCBMC Medical Education1472-69202025-07-0125111110.1186/s12909-025-07463-6The viva voce innovation and experience at a new medical school in RwandaCharles Okot Odongo0Samuel Ntaganira1Nicole Kanyana2Jean Paul Ndayizeye3Arlene Nishimwe4Jean Baptiste Niyibizi5Deogratias Ruhangaza6Abebe Moges Muche7Derbew Fikadu Berhe8Patrick Orikiriza9Daniel Seifu10Abebe Bekele11University of Global Health EquityUniversity of Global Health EquityUniversity of Global Health EquityUniversity of Global Health EquityUniversity of Global Health EquityUniversity of Global Health EquityUniversity of Global Health EquityUniversity of Global Health EquityUniversity of Global Health EquityUniversity of Global Health EquityUniversity of Global Health EquityUniversity of Global Health EquityAbstract Background Traditional preclinical viva voce examinations have faced significant criticism due to inherent biases in their format. We developed a novel format and evaluated students’ views and experiences with it. Methods This study consists of two parts. Part 1 describes the development, implementation and refinement of the preclinical viva voce examination at the University of Global Health Equity, in Rwanda, conducted over a four-year period. Part 2 describes students’ perspectives obtained through a self-administered online questionnaire. Results Part 1: The viva format features structured questions related to authentic clinical scenarios, that underscore the relevance of basic science knowledge to clinical practice. The examination consists of three oral stations plus one image-based station, which targets subjects that are traditionally difficult to examine like embryology, histology, and histopathology. The examination is vertically and horizontally integrated and provides students with multiple opportunities to demonstrate their knowledge. With four or more rotations of this kind, students are simultaneously examined, improving time efficiency, and reducing performance fatigue normally associated with long waiting times. Real-time scoring and commenting on individual student performances on shared files ensure examiner transparency and accountability, reducing bias. The examination ends with a faculty debrief conference, after which students receive individual feedback on their performance. Challenges encountered include examiner preferences for cases and the need for a substantial number of faculty to concurrently manage the numerous viva stations. Part 2: Students reported finding the viva format stressful but acknowledged its long-term benefits, including ability to foster mental agility, promote clinical reasoning, and improve their verbal communication skills. Compared to MCQ assessments, many students felt it was a better way of assessing knowledge, as it eliminated guesswork. Group discussions were identified as the most effective viva preparation strategy. Many students expressed a desire for more supportive interactions from examiners during the viva. Despite these challenges, there was broad agreement that the viva format should be retained. Conclusion The novel preclinical viva format described here enhances the reliability and validity of assessment while providing formative support and early clinical integration. It represents a balanced approach to addressing traditional viva limitations while maintaining educational value.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07463-6Viva VocePreclinicalAssessmentRwandaUniversity of Global Health Equity |
| spellingShingle | Charles Okot Odongo Samuel Ntaganira Nicole Kanyana Jean Paul Ndayizeye Arlene Nishimwe Jean Baptiste Niyibizi Deogratias Ruhangaza Abebe Moges Muche Derbew Fikadu Berhe Patrick Orikiriza Daniel Seifu Abebe Bekele The viva voce innovation and experience at a new medical school in Rwanda BMC Medical Education Viva Voce Preclinical Assessment Rwanda University of Global Health Equity |
| title | The viva voce innovation and experience at a new medical school in Rwanda |
| title_full | The viva voce innovation and experience at a new medical school in Rwanda |
| title_fullStr | The viva voce innovation and experience at a new medical school in Rwanda |
| title_full_unstemmed | The viva voce innovation and experience at a new medical school in Rwanda |
| title_short | The viva voce innovation and experience at a new medical school in Rwanda |
| title_sort | viva voce innovation and experience at a new medical school in rwanda |
| topic | Viva Voce Preclinical Assessment Rwanda University of Global Health Equity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07463-6 |
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