The association between waist circumference, weight-adjusted waist index, waist-to-height ratio and waist divided by height0.5 and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes
Abstract Background The waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist divided by height0.5(WHT.5R), and weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) are four anthropometric indices evaluating obesity, but the association with cardiovascular diseases in diabetic population remain unclear. Method...
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BMC
2025-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24068-2 |
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| author | Jinhao Liao Linjie Wang Lian Duan Fengying Gong Huijuan Zhu Hui Pan Hongbo Yang |
| author_facet | Jinhao Liao Linjie Wang Lian Duan Fengying Gong Huijuan Zhu Hui Pan Hongbo Yang |
| author_sort | Jinhao Liao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist divided by height0.5(WHT.5R), and weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) are four anthropometric indices evaluating obesity, but the association with cardiovascular diseases in diabetic population remain unclear. Methods We extracted data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES1999-2016),and 7000 patients with diabetes were eligible. Weighted logistic regression and weighted restricted cubic spline analyses were performed to explore the association between WC, WWI, WHtR, WTH.5R and the likelihood of cardiovascular disease (CVD), congestive heart failure (CHF), coronary artery disease (CAD), and stroke. Stratified analyses and interaction tests were further conducted. Results The WHtR index demonstrated a statistically significant positive linear relationship with the likelihoodof CVD [Quartile 4, full adjusted: OR 1.84(1.38,2.47)], CHF [Quartile 4, full adjusted: OR 2.35(1.51,3.66)], CAD [Quartile 4, full adjusted: OR 1.43(1.06,1.94)] and stroke [Quartile 4, full adjusted: OR 1.59(1.01,2.51)]. Moreover, the WC and WHT.5R were positively associated withCVD [Quartile 4, full adjusted: WC OR 1.95(2.44,2.65); WHT.5R OR 2.01(1.53,2.63)], CHF [Quartile 4, full adjusted: WC OR 2.83(1.79,4.47); WHT.5R OR 2.33(1.52,3.58)], and CAD [Quartile 4, full adjusted: WC OR 1.64(1.22,2.21); WHT.5R OR 1.43(1.06,1.94)], while WWI exhibited a similar association with the prevalence ratesof CVD [Quartile 4, full adjusted: OR 1.76(1.29,2.42)] and CAD [Quartile 4, full adjusted: OR 1.51(1.04,2.19)]. RCS analyses showed that all indices had a linear relationship with the probability of CVD, CHF, CAD, and stroke. Conclusions This study highlighted the application prospect of these four indicators in predicting cardiovascular disease ability in patients with diabetes, especially the WHtR index. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-60e5a14c8f8a4080b9e31ebb63172314 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-60e5a14c8f8a4080b9e31ebb631723142025-08-24T11:55:10ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-08-0125111110.1186/s12889-025-24068-2The association between waist circumference, weight-adjusted waist index, waist-to-height ratio and waist divided by height0.5 and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetesJinhao Liao0Linjie Wang1Lian Duan2Fengying Gong3Huijuan Zhu4Hui Pan5Hongbo Yang6Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeKey Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeKey Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeKey Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeKey Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeKey Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeKey Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeAbstract Background The waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist divided by height0.5(WHT.5R), and weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) are four anthropometric indices evaluating obesity, but the association with cardiovascular diseases in diabetic population remain unclear. Methods We extracted data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES1999-2016),and 7000 patients with diabetes were eligible. Weighted logistic regression and weighted restricted cubic spline analyses were performed to explore the association between WC, WWI, WHtR, WTH.5R and the likelihood of cardiovascular disease (CVD), congestive heart failure (CHF), coronary artery disease (CAD), and stroke. Stratified analyses and interaction tests were further conducted. Results The WHtR index demonstrated a statistically significant positive linear relationship with the likelihoodof CVD [Quartile 4, full adjusted: OR 1.84(1.38,2.47)], CHF [Quartile 4, full adjusted: OR 2.35(1.51,3.66)], CAD [Quartile 4, full adjusted: OR 1.43(1.06,1.94)] and stroke [Quartile 4, full adjusted: OR 1.59(1.01,2.51)]. Moreover, the WC and WHT.5R were positively associated withCVD [Quartile 4, full adjusted: WC OR 1.95(2.44,2.65); WHT.5R OR 2.01(1.53,2.63)], CHF [Quartile 4, full adjusted: WC OR 2.83(1.79,4.47); WHT.5R OR 2.33(1.52,3.58)], and CAD [Quartile 4, full adjusted: WC OR 1.64(1.22,2.21); WHT.5R OR 1.43(1.06,1.94)], while WWI exhibited a similar association with the prevalence ratesof CVD [Quartile 4, full adjusted: OR 1.76(1.29,2.42)] and CAD [Quartile 4, full adjusted: OR 1.51(1.04,2.19)]. RCS analyses showed that all indices had a linear relationship with the probability of CVD, CHF, CAD, and stroke. Conclusions This study highlighted the application prospect of these four indicators in predicting cardiovascular disease ability in patients with diabetes, especially the WHtR index.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24068-2Waist circumferenceWaist-to-height ratioWaist divided by height0.5Weight-adjusted-waist indexCardiovascular diseaseCongestive heart failure |
| spellingShingle | Jinhao Liao Linjie Wang Lian Duan Fengying Gong Huijuan Zhu Hui Pan Hongbo Yang The association between waist circumference, weight-adjusted waist index, waist-to-height ratio and waist divided by height0.5 and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes BMC Public Health Waist circumference Waist-to-height ratio Waist divided by height0.5 Weight-adjusted-waist index Cardiovascular disease Congestive heart failure |
| title | The association between waist circumference, weight-adjusted waist index, waist-to-height ratio and waist divided by height0.5 and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes |
| title_full | The association between waist circumference, weight-adjusted waist index, waist-to-height ratio and waist divided by height0.5 and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes |
| title_fullStr | The association between waist circumference, weight-adjusted waist index, waist-to-height ratio and waist divided by height0.5 and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The association between waist circumference, weight-adjusted waist index, waist-to-height ratio and waist divided by height0.5 and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes |
| title_short | The association between waist circumference, weight-adjusted waist index, waist-to-height ratio and waist divided by height0.5 and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes |
| title_sort | association between waist circumference weight adjusted waist index waist to height ratio and waist divided by height0 5 and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes |
| topic | Waist circumference Waist-to-height ratio Waist divided by height0.5 Weight-adjusted-waist index Cardiovascular disease Congestive heart failure |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24068-2 |
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