Removal of small-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using cow and goat milk iron oxide nanoparticles

This work reports an environmentally friendly method for removing small-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) synthesized from pasteurized cow and goat milk and iron salts. IONPs were prepared at room temperature using FeSO4 (2.0 g in 500 mL) and 10.0 mL...

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Main Authors: Isha Gautam, Harshica Fernando
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17518253.2024.2335183
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author Isha Gautam
Harshica Fernando
author_facet Isha Gautam
Harshica Fernando
author_sort Isha Gautam
collection DOAJ
description This work reports an environmentally friendly method for removing small-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) synthesized from pasteurized cow and goat milk and iron salts. IONPs were prepared at room temperature using FeSO4 (2.0 g in 500 mL) and 10.0 mL of milk at pH 12. Results show that IONPs were formed with low crystallinity. The presence of Fe was confirmed through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction data show smaller semi-spherical nanometer-size particles in an aggregated state. The PAH removal process was monitored using a fluorescence spectrometer, and the results showed that the type of iron salt used (Fe2+/Fe3+) in the preparation of IONPs had no significant effect on the removal of model PAHs. However, the ring structure of the PAHs plays a role in the time taken for the removal process. All PAHs were removed from water efficiently with naphthalene, anthracene, and fluorene removal efficiencies of 75%, >90%, and 70%, respectively. The current study shows that IONPs formed using milk have the potential to be used to remove PAHs from water.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1751-8253
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series Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews
spelling doaj-art-60ac1a256f9a4f1bb3263871b0a0c8962024-12-06T01:41:31ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGreen Chemistry Letters and Reviews1751-82531751-71922024-12-0117110.1080/17518253.2024.2335183Removal of small-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using cow and goat milk iron oxide nanoparticlesIsha Gautam0Harshica Fernando1Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, USADepartment of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, USAThis work reports an environmentally friendly method for removing small-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) synthesized from pasteurized cow and goat milk and iron salts. IONPs were prepared at room temperature using FeSO4 (2.0 g in 500 mL) and 10.0 mL of milk at pH 12. Results show that IONPs were formed with low crystallinity. The presence of Fe was confirmed through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction data show smaller semi-spherical nanometer-size particles in an aggregated state. The PAH removal process was monitored using a fluorescence spectrometer, and the results showed that the type of iron salt used (Fe2+/Fe3+) in the preparation of IONPs had no significant effect on the removal of model PAHs. However, the ring structure of the PAHs plays a role in the time taken for the removal process. All PAHs were removed from water efficiently with naphthalene, anthracene, and fluorene removal efficiencies of 75%, >90%, and 70%, respectively. The current study shows that IONPs formed using milk have the potential to be used to remove PAHs from water.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17518253.2024.2335183Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonscow milkgoat milkgreen nanoparticlesiron oxide nanoparticles
spellingShingle Isha Gautam
Harshica Fernando
Removal of small-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using cow and goat milk iron oxide nanoparticles
Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
cow milk
goat milk
green nanoparticles
iron oxide nanoparticles
title Removal of small-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using cow and goat milk iron oxide nanoparticles
title_full Removal of small-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using cow and goat milk iron oxide nanoparticles
title_fullStr Removal of small-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using cow and goat milk iron oxide nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed Removal of small-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using cow and goat milk iron oxide nanoparticles
title_short Removal of small-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using cow and goat milk iron oxide nanoparticles
title_sort removal of small ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using cow and goat milk iron oxide nanoparticles
topic Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
cow milk
goat milk
green nanoparticles
iron oxide nanoparticles
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17518253.2024.2335183
work_keys_str_mv AT ishagautam removalofsmallringpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsusingcowandgoatmilkironoxidenanoparticles
AT harshicafernando removalofsmallringpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsusingcowandgoatmilkironoxidenanoparticles