Effect of pretreatment type on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons derived from an invasive weed Prosopis juliflora: potential applications
This study investigates the effects of various pretreatment methods on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons produced from the biochar of an invasive weed species, Prosopis juliflora . Utilizing a thermochemical conversion technique such as pyrolysis, followed by chemical and physical...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Materials Research Express |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ada5c4 |
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| author | Subramaniyasharma Sivaraman Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam Ponnusami Venkatachalam Ratheeshkumar Shanmugam Arul Chan Basha Noori M Cata Saady |
| author_facet | Subramaniyasharma Sivaraman Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam Ponnusami Venkatachalam Ratheeshkumar Shanmugam Arul Chan Basha Noori M Cata Saady |
| author_sort | Subramaniyasharma Sivaraman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates the effects of various pretreatment methods on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons produced from the biochar of an invasive weed species, Prosopis juliflora . Utilizing a thermochemical conversion technique such as pyrolysis, followed by chemical and physical activation processes, we aimed to assess the functional characteristics of the resulting biochar for potential industrial applications. The pretreatments involved acidic (H _2 SO _4 , H _3 PO _4 , and ZnCl _2 ), basic (KOH and NH _4 OH) and oxidizing agents (H _2 O _2 ), and physical methods like air activation. Comprehensive characterization techniques, namely BET analysis, x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Ultimate Analysis, and pH _pzc , were utilized to assess the influence of activation conditions. Principal component analysis was employed to elucidate the relationships between different activation methods and the physico-chemical properties of the activated carbons. Results from this study revealed that the choice of activation agent significantly influences the material’s structure and chemistry. The activation process of activated carbon (AC) is significantly influenced by temperature and the agent used. KOH-AC exhibited bulk oxygen content (5.96%) with a high bulk carbon content (91.73%), while Air-AC has a comparatively high bulk oxygen content (40.71%). The XPS data shows variations in carbon content and oxygen functional groups, influenced by the activation agent and temperature used during the process. The ranking of surface oxygen content was Air-AC (39.93%) > H _2 O _2 -AC (22.77%) > NH _4 OH-AC (17.61%). This study highlights the potential of Prosopis juliflora -derived biochar in diverse applications by tailoring its physico-chemical properties through specific activation processes, thereby also contributing to the upcycling of this invasive species. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-609384a27bc24dab8724245cba1c6b93 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2053-1591 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials Research Express |
| spelling | doaj-art-609384a27bc24dab8724245cba1c6b932025-01-16T20:41:40ZengIOP PublishingMaterials Research Express2053-15912025-01-0112101560110.1088/2053-1591/ada5c4Effect of pretreatment type on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons derived from an invasive weed Prosopis juliflora: potential applicationsSubramaniyasharma Sivaraman0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9181-3052Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4236-6636Ponnusami Venkatachalam2Ratheeshkumar Shanmugam3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0142-7068Arul Chan Basha4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1503-6463Noori M Cata Saady5School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University , Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India; Centre for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, SASTRA Deemed University , Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, IndiaDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, AL, 36849, United States of AmericaSchool of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University , Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India; Centre for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, SASTRA Deemed University , Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, IndiaCentre for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, SASTRA Deemed University , Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, IndiaCentre for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, SASTRA Deemed University , Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John’s, NLA1B 3 X 5, CanadaThis study investigates the effects of various pretreatment methods on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons produced from the biochar of an invasive weed species, Prosopis juliflora . Utilizing a thermochemical conversion technique such as pyrolysis, followed by chemical and physical activation processes, we aimed to assess the functional characteristics of the resulting biochar for potential industrial applications. The pretreatments involved acidic (H _2 SO _4 , H _3 PO _4 , and ZnCl _2 ), basic (KOH and NH _4 OH) and oxidizing agents (H _2 O _2 ), and physical methods like air activation. Comprehensive characterization techniques, namely BET analysis, x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Ultimate Analysis, and pH _pzc , were utilized to assess the influence of activation conditions. Principal component analysis was employed to elucidate the relationships between different activation methods and the physico-chemical properties of the activated carbons. Results from this study revealed that the choice of activation agent significantly influences the material’s structure and chemistry. The activation process of activated carbon (AC) is significantly influenced by temperature and the agent used. KOH-AC exhibited bulk oxygen content (5.96%) with a high bulk carbon content (91.73%), while Air-AC has a comparatively high bulk oxygen content (40.71%). The XPS data shows variations in carbon content and oxygen functional groups, influenced by the activation agent and temperature used during the process. The ranking of surface oxygen content was Air-AC (39.93%) > H _2 O _2 -AC (22.77%) > NH _4 OH-AC (17.61%). This study highlights the potential of Prosopis juliflora -derived biochar in diverse applications by tailoring its physico-chemical properties through specific activation processes, thereby also contributing to the upcycling of this invasive species.https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ada5c4activationbiocharpretreatmentProsopis juliflorapyrolysisphysico-chemical properties |
| spellingShingle | Subramaniyasharma Sivaraman Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam Ponnusami Venkatachalam Ratheeshkumar Shanmugam Arul Chan Basha Noori M Cata Saady Effect of pretreatment type on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons derived from an invasive weed Prosopis juliflora: potential applications Materials Research Express activation biochar pretreatment Prosopis juliflora pyrolysis physico-chemical properties |
| title | Effect of pretreatment type on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons derived from an invasive weed Prosopis juliflora: potential applications |
| title_full | Effect of pretreatment type on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons derived from an invasive weed Prosopis juliflora: potential applications |
| title_fullStr | Effect of pretreatment type on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons derived from an invasive weed Prosopis juliflora: potential applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of pretreatment type on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons derived from an invasive weed Prosopis juliflora: potential applications |
| title_short | Effect of pretreatment type on the physico-chemical properties of activated carbons derived from an invasive weed Prosopis juliflora: potential applications |
| title_sort | effect of pretreatment type on the physico chemical properties of activated carbons derived from an invasive weed prosopis juliflora potential applications |
| topic | activation biochar pretreatment Prosopis juliflora pyrolysis physico-chemical properties |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ada5c4 |
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