Radiation-induced exosomal miR-21 enhances tumor proliferation and invasiveness in breast cancer: implications for poor prognosis in radiotherapy patients

Abstract Radiotherapy is widely used as an effective non-surgical strategy to control malignant tumors. However, recurrence is one of common causes of treatment failure even after the effective radiotherapy. In this study, we focused on the effects of radiation-induced exosomal miR-21 on the tumor m...

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Main Authors: Kyungmin Kim, Kyung Oh Jung, Sera Oh, Young-Hwa Kim, Seok-Yong Lee, Seongje Hong, Su Han Cho, Hyejin Kim, Siyeon Rhee, Gi Jeong Cheon, Keon Wook Kang, June-Key Chung, Hyewon Youn
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:Experimental Hematology & Oncology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40164-024-00585-5
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author Kyungmin Kim
Kyung Oh Jung
Sera Oh
Young-Hwa Kim
Seok-Yong Lee
Seongje Hong
Su Han Cho
Hyejin Kim
Siyeon Rhee
Gi Jeong Cheon
Keon Wook Kang
June-Key Chung
Hyewon Youn
author_facet Kyungmin Kim
Kyung Oh Jung
Sera Oh
Young-Hwa Kim
Seok-Yong Lee
Seongje Hong
Su Han Cho
Hyejin Kim
Siyeon Rhee
Gi Jeong Cheon
Keon Wook Kang
June-Key Chung
Hyewon Youn
author_sort Kyungmin Kim
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Radiotherapy is widely used as an effective non-surgical strategy to control malignant tumors. However, recurrence is one of common causes of treatment failure even after the effective radiotherapy. In this study, we focused on the effects of radiation-induced exosomal miR-21 on the tumor microenvironment to investigate the causes of recurrence. Analysis of the TCGA database revealed that breast cancer patients with high levels of miR-21 have significantly reduced overall survival when treated with radiotherapy compared to those who did not receive radiotherapy, indicating a high hazard ratio for miR-21 in patients undergoing this treatment. Additionally, exosomal miR-21 is found to be highly expressed in the serum of breast adenocarcinoma patients. To explore how miR-21 induces poor prognosis in irradiated breast cancer, we irradiated 4T1 cell line with low or high doses of radiation, and examined the impact of secreted exosomal miR-21 on breast cancer cell and tumor microenvironment. After 10 Gy irradiation, 4T1 cells secreted 2.20 ± 0.10 times more exosomes and exhibited a 1.85 ± 0.01-fold increase in exosomal miR-21 levels. Treatment with exosomes from 10 Gy-irradiated cancer cells led to enhanced tumor cell proliferation, wound healing, and migration. The survival rate of 10 Gy-irradiated tumor cells incubated with 10 Gy-derived exosomes increased by 2.83-fold. Moreover, the growth of subcutaneous tumors treated with 10 Gy exosomes (n = 13) was significantly faster compared to tumors treated with 0 Gy exosomes (n = 10, P < 0.05). In summary, our study revealed high-dose irradiation-induced exosomes were found to enhance tumor proliferation and invasiveness via the transfer of exosomal miR-21. Based on these findings, we suggest that radiation-induced exosomal miR-21 may contribute to a poorer prognosis of breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.
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spelling doaj-art-6073f70d972c43e3a13c42401fd9b4302024-12-22T12:19:39ZengBMCExperimental Hematology & Oncology2162-36192024-12-011311610.1186/s40164-024-00585-5Radiation-induced exosomal miR-21 enhances tumor proliferation and invasiveness in breast cancer: implications for poor prognosis in radiotherapy patientsKyungmin Kim0Kyung Oh Jung1Sera Oh2Young-Hwa Kim3Seok-Yong Lee4Seongje Hong5Su Han Cho6Hyejin Kim7Siyeon Rhee8Gi Jeong Cheon9Keon Wook Kang10June-Key Chung11Hyewon Youn12Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang UniversityDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang UniversityDepartment of Biology, Kyung Hee UniversityWoodang NetworkK-BioXDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of MedicineAbstract Radiotherapy is widely used as an effective non-surgical strategy to control malignant tumors. However, recurrence is one of common causes of treatment failure even after the effective radiotherapy. In this study, we focused on the effects of radiation-induced exosomal miR-21 on the tumor microenvironment to investigate the causes of recurrence. Analysis of the TCGA database revealed that breast cancer patients with high levels of miR-21 have significantly reduced overall survival when treated with radiotherapy compared to those who did not receive radiotherapy, indicating a high hazard ratio for miR-21 in patients undergoing this treatment. Additionally, exosomal miR-21 is found to be highly expressed in the serum of breast adenocarcinoma patients. To explore how miR-21 induces poor prognosis in irradiated breast cancer, we irradiated 4T1 cell line with low or high doses of radiation, and examined the impact of secreted exosomal miR-21 on breast cancer cell and tumor microenvironment. After 10 Gy irradiation, 4T1 cells secreted 2.20 ± 0.10 times more exosomes and exhibited a 1.85 ± 0.01-fold increase in exosomal miR-21 levels. Treatment with exosomes from 10 Gy-irradiated cancer cells led to enhanced tumor cell proliferation, wound healing, and migration. The survival rate of 10 Gy-irradiated tumor cells incubated with 10 Gy-derived exosomes increased by 2.83-fold. Moreover, the growth of subcutaneous tumors treated with 10 Gy exosomes (n = 13) was significantly faster compared to tumors treated with 0 Gy exosomes (n = 10, P < 0.05). In summary, our study revealed high-dose irradiation-induced exosomes were found to enhance tumor proliferation and invasiveness via the transfer of exosomal miR-21. Based on these findings, we suggest that radiation-induced exosomal miR-21 may contribute to a poorer prognosis of breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40164-024-00585-5RadiotherapyRadiation-induced exosomesExosomal miR-21Poor prognosis of breast cancer patients
spellingShingle Kyungmin Kim
Kyung Oh Jung
Sera Oh
Young-Hwa Kim
Seok-Yong Lee
Seongje Hong
Su Han Cho
Hyejin Kim
Siyeon Rhee
Gi Jeong Cheon
Keon Wook Kang
June-Key Chung
Hyewon Youn
Radiation-induced exosomal miR-21 enhances tumor proliferation and invasiveness in breast cancer: implications for poor prognosis in radiotherapy patients
Experimental Hematology & Oncology
Radiotherapy
Radiation-induced exosomes
Exosomal miR-21
Poor prognosis of breast cancer patients
title Radiation-induced exosomal miR-21 enhances tumor proliferation and invasiveness in breast cancer: implications for poor prognosis in radiotherapy patients
title_full Radiation-induced exosomal miR-21 enhances tumor proliferation and invasiveness in breast cancer: implications for poor prognosis in radiotherapy patients
title_fullStr Radiation-induced exosomal miR-21 enhances tumor proliferation and invasiveness in breast cancer: implications for poor prognosis in radiotherapy patients
title_full_unstemmed Radiation-induced exosomal miR-21 enhances tumor proliferation and invasiveness in breast cancer: implications for poor prognosis in radiotherapy patients
title_short Radiation-induced exosomal miR-21 enhances tumor proliferation and invasiveness in breast cancer: implications for poor prognosis in radiotherapy patients
title_sort radiation induced exosomal mir 21 enhances tumor proliferation and invasiveness in breast cancer implications for poor prognosis in radiotherapy patients
topic Radiotherapy
Radiation-induced exosomes
Exosomal miR-21
Poor prognosis of breast cancer patients
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40164-024-00585-5
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