Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Kannada Version of the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS-Kn) Among Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) Survivors in a Tertiary Care Setup in India
Background: Adherence in rehabilitation services includes attending appointments, regularly performing prescribed exercises, and correct exercise execution. The Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS) has been adapted into several languages, but there is lack of a standardized tool for various Indian...
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SAGE Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Integrative Cancer Therapies |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/15347354251313534 |
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| author | Hritika D. Pai K Vijaya Kumar Prasanna Mithra Stephen Rajan Samuel Mariappan Senthiappan Athiyamaan Emma Louise Godfrey |
| author_facet | Hritika D. Pai K Vijaya Kumar Prasanna Mithra Stephen Rajan Samuel Mariappan Senthiappan Athiyamaan Emma Louise Godfrey |
| author_sort | Hritika D. Pai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Adherence in rehabilitation services includes attending appointments, regularly performing prescribed exercises, and correct exercise execution. The Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS) has been adapted into several languages, but there is lack of a standardized tool for various Indian languages and cultural contexts, particularly for use with cancer survivors. With the anticipated 57.7% rise in cancer cases by 2040, this study aims to address this gap. Aims and objectives: To cross-culturally adapt EARS to Kannada (EARS-Kn) and evaluate its validity and reliability amongst HNC survivors enrolled in the Multimodal Oncology Rehabilitation Exercise—MORE © Program. Methodology: Following Beaton guidelines, the EARS tool was adapted to Kannada. 34 HNC survivors engaged in the MORE © program. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s ⍺) and construct validity (Exploratory Factor Analysis, EFA) were assessed. The Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) determined cut-off scores, sensitivity and specificity of the EARS-Kn. Results: The EARS-Kn demonstrated a Cronbach’s-⍺ value of .93. The EFA revealed a one-factor solution with eigenvalues exceeding one and 70.1% loading. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.908. A cut-off score of 17 was established, with 95.83% sensitivity and 80% specificity. Conclusion: The EARS-Kn version showed strong validity and reliability among Kannada-speaking HNC survivors, indicating its potential to enhance the understanding of exercise adherence among them. Future studies could explore the EARS-Kn version among diverse populations prescribed various rehabilitation regimes. Studies could also further investigate psychometric properties of the EARS in different Indian languages among cancer survivors, which would help improve survivorship outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5fa4d11f60a94265bfc1fcc38d21837a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1552-695X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Integrative Cancer Therapies |
| spelling | doaj-art-5fa4d11f60a94265bfc1fcc38d21837a2025-01-15T11:03:42ZengSAGE PublishingIntegrative Cancer Therapies1552-695X2025-01-012410.1177/15347354251313534Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Kannada Version of the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS-Kn) Among Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) Survivors in a Tertiary Care Setup in IndiaHritika D. Pai0K Vijaya Kumar1Prasanna Mithra2Stephen Rajan Samuel3Mariappan Senthiappan Athiyamaan4Emma Louise Godfrey5Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, IndiaDepartment of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, IndiaBiological, Physical, and Exercise Sciences Department, Mount Vernon Nazerene University, Ohio, USADepartment of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, IndiaDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UKBackground: Adherence in rehabilitation services includes attending appointments, regularly performing prescribed exercises, and correct exercise execution. The Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS) has been adapted into several languages, but there is lack of a standardized tool for various Indian languages and cultural contexts, particularly for use with cancer survivors. With the anticipated 57.7% rise in cancer cases by 2040, this study aims to address this gap. Aims and objectives: To cross-culturally adapt EARS to Kannada (EARS-Kn) and evaluate its validity and reliability amongst HNC survivors enrolled in the Multimodal Oncology Rehabilitation Exercise—MORE © Program. Methodology: Following Beaton guidelines, the EARS tool was adapted to Kannada. 34 HNC survivors engaged in the MORE © program. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s ⍺) and construct validity (Exploratory Factor Analysis, EFA) were assessed. The Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) determined cut-off scores, sensitivity and specificity of the EARS-Kn. Results: The EARS-Kn demonstrated a Cronbach’s-⍺ value of .93. The EFA revealed a one-factor solution with eigenvalues exceeding one and 70.1% loading. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.908. A cut-off score of 17 was established, with 95.83% sensitivity and 80% specificity. Conclusion: The EARS-Kn version showed strong validity and reliability among Kannada-speaking HNC survivors, indicating its potential to enhance the understanding of exercise adherence among them. Future studies could explore the EARS-Kn version among diverse populations prescribed various rehabilitation regimes. Studies could also further investigate psychometric properties of the EARS in different Indian languages among cancer survivors, which would help improve survivorship outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1177/15347354251313534 |
| spellingShingle | Hritika D. Pai K Vijaya Kumar Prasanna Mithra Stephen Rajan Samuel Mariappan Senthiappan Athiyamaan Emma Louise Godfrey Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Kannada Version of the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS-Kn) Among Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) Survivors in a Tertiary Care Setup in India Integrative Cancer Therapies |
| title | Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Kannada Version of the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS-Kn) Among Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) Survivors in a Tertiary Care Setup in India |
| title_full | Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Kannada Version of the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS-Kn) Among Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) Survivors in a Tertiary Care Setup in India |
| title_fullStr | Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Kannada Version of the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS-Kn) Among Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) Survivors in a Tertiary Care Setup in India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Kannada Version of the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS-Kn) Among Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) Survivors in a Tertiary Care Setup in India |
| title_short | Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Kannada Version of the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS-Kn) Among Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) Survivors in a Tertiary Care Setup in India |
| title_sort | translation cross cultural adaptation and validation of the kannada version of the exercise adherence rating scale ears kn among head and neck cancer hnc survivors in a tertiary care setup in india |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/15347354251313534 |
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