Leveraging calcium-NOM complexation phenomenon as RO fouling mitigation strategy during treatment of lake water

Organic fouling during reverse osmosis (RO) is exacerbated by the presence of calcium up to a limit where extremely high calcium concentration results in lesser fouling due to formation of large organic-calcium aggregates with lower cake resistance. Therefore, this work leveraged on this phenomenon...

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Main Authors: Oranso T. Mahlangu, Samkeliso S. Ndzimandze, Mxolisi M. Motsa, Bhekie B. Mamba
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. 2024-01-01
Series:Advanced Membranes
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772823424000162
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author Oranso T. Mahlangu
Samkeliso S. Ndzimandze
Mxolisi M. Motsa
Bhekie B. Mamba
author_facet Oranso T. Mahlangu
Samkeliso S. Ndzimandze
Mxolisi M. Motsa
Bhekie B. Mamba
author_sort Oranso T. Mahlangu
collection DOAJ
description Organic fouling during reverse osmosis (RO) is exacerbated by the presence of calcium up to a limit where extremely high calcium concentration results in lesser fouling due to formation of large organic-calcium aggregates with lower cake resistance. Therefore, this work leveraged on this phenomenon and used calcium chloride as coagulant (at varying concentration) to reduce membrane fouling while enhancing NOM removal. Membrane cleaning efficiency through calcium-EDTA chelation which disintegrates the fouling layers was explored. RO fouling was performed with sodium alginate solutions and lake water. The fouled membranes were soaked in 0.1 ​mM EDTA (1 ​h) and backwashed with water to remove the fouling layer. Alginate fouling was worsened (45–85 ​%) by increase in calcium concentration up to 5 ​mM but lessened at > 5 ​mM calcium concentration (35–15 ​%). Similar observations were made when filtering lake water, except that lesser fouling was observed at calcium concentrations greater than 15 ​mM. Membrane soaking in EDTA enhanced cleaning efficiency leading to over 90 ​% flux recovery for both alginate and late water. However, prolonged membrane exposure to 10 ​mM calcium resulted in slight decline in membrane salt rejection (<2 ​% change) and tensile stress (1.3–1.1 ​N/mm2), while the membrane flux increased (<3 ​% change). Finally, NOM removal improved with calcium addition (up to 90 ​%) – key in reducing potential formation of disinfection by-products due to addition of disinfection agents. The proposed use of calcium as a common coagulant/chelating agent for fouling mitigation/remediation during advanced membrane filtration has a potential for wider application and commercialization.
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spelling doaj-art-5f517e65e0b146ab9b5f7c0ce4c51e682025-01-01T05:11:38ZengKeAi Communications Co. Ltd.Advanced Membranes2772-82342024-01-014100105Leveraging calcium-NOM complexation phenomenon as RO fouling mitigation strategy during treatment of lake waterOranso T. Mahlangu0Samkeliso S. Ndzimandze1Mxolisi M. Motsa2Bhekie B. Mamba3Corresponding author.; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 1709, Roodepoort, South AfricaInstitute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 1709, Roodepoort, South AfricaInstitute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 1709, Roodepoort, South AfricaInstitute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 1709, Roodepoort, South AfricaOrganic fouling during reverse osmosis (RO) is exacerbated by the presence of calcium up to a limit where extremely high calcium concentration results in lesser fouling due to formation of large organic-calcium aggregates with lower cake resistance. Therefore, this work leveraged on this phenomenon and used calcium chloride as coagulant (at varying concentration) to reduce membrane fouling while enhancing NOM removal. Membrane cleaning efficiency through calcium-EDTA chelation which disintegrates the fouling layers was explored. RO fouling was performed with sodium alginate solutions and lake water. The fouled membranes were soaked in 0.1 ​mM EDTA (1 ​h) and backwashed with water to remove the fouling layer. Alginate fouling was worsened (45–85 ​%) by increase in calcium concentration up to 5 ​mM but lessened at > 5 ​mM calcium concentration (35–15 ​%). Similar observations were made when filtering lake water, except that lesser fouling was observed at calcium concentrations greater than 15 ​mM. Membrane soaking in EDTA enhanced cleaning efficiency leading to over 90 ​% flux recovery for both alginate and late water. However, prolonged membrane exposure to 10 ​mM calcium resulted in slight decline in membrane salt rejection (<2 ​% change) and tensile stress (1.3–1.1 ​N/mm2), while the membrane flux increased (<3 ​% change). Finally, NOM removal improved with calcium addition (up to 90 ​%) – key in reducing potential formation of disinfection by-products due to addition of disinfection agents. The proposed use of calcium as a common coagulant/chelating agent for fouling mitigation/remediation during advanced membrane filtration has a potential for wider application and commercialization.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772823424000162Organic foulingCalcium-NOM disintegrationEDTAMembrane cleaningNOM removal
spellingShingle Oranso T. Mahlangu
Samkeliso S. Ndzimandze
Mxolisi M. Motsa
Bhekie B. Mamba
Leveraging calcium-NOM complexation phenomenon as RO fouling mitigation strategy during treatment of lake water
Advanced Membranes
Organic fouling
Calcium-NOM disintegration
EDTA
Membrane cleaning
NOM removal
title Leveraging calcium-NOM complexation phenomenon as RO fouling mitigation strategy during treatment of lake water
title_full Leveraging calcium-NOM complexation phenomenon as RO fouling mitigation strategy during treatment of lake water
title_fullStr Leveraging calcium-NOM complexation phenomenon as RO fouling mitigation strategy during treatment of lake water
title_full_unstemmed Leveraging calcium-NOM complexation phenomenon as RO fouling mitigation strategy during treatment of lake water
title_short Leveraging calcium-NOM complexation phenomenon as RO fouling mitigation strategy during treatment of lake water
title_sort leveraging calcium nom complexation phenomenon as ro fouling mitigation strategy during treatment of lake water
topic Organic fouling
Calcium-NOM disintegration
EDTA
Membrane cleaning
NOM removal
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772823424000162
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AT mxolisimmotsa leveragingcalciumnomcomplexationphenomenonasrofoulingmitigationstrategyduringtreatmentoflakewater
AT bhekiebmamba leveragingcalciumnomcomplexationphenomenonasrofoulingmitigationstrategyduringtreatmentoflakewater