Socioeconomic disparities in childhood vaccine hesitancy among parents in China: The mediating role of social support and health literacy
Parental vaccine hesitancy is a major obstacle to childhood vaccination. We examined parental socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in vaccine hesitancy, and the potential mediating roles of perceived social support and health literacy. A questionnaire survey was given to parents with children aged...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2444008 |
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| author | Xuelin Yao Mao Fu Jin Peng Da Feng Yue Ma Yifan Wu Liuxin Feng Yu Fang Minghuan Jiang |
| author_facet | Xuelin Yao Mao Fu Jin Peng Da Feng Yue Ma Yifan Wu Liuxin Feng Yu Fang Minghuan Jiang |
| author_sort | Xuelin Yao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Parental vaccine hesitancy is a major obstacle to childhood vaccination. We examined parental socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in vaccine hesitancy, and the potential mediating roles of perceived social support and health literacy. A questionnaire survey was given to parents with children aged below 6 years from six provinces in China. SES was examined by educational attainment, annual household income, and a subjective measure of SES (using a scale of 1–10). Linear regression was applied to assess the association between SES and vaccine hesitancy. Bootstrapping mediation analysis was performed with 5,000 samples bootstrapped. A total of 1,638 parents were included. Using annual household income > 200,000 Chinese yuan (CNY) as a reference, parents with lower household income (CNY 100,001–150,000) experienced higher vaccine hesitancy. Educational attainment was not associated with vaccine hesitancy. Subjective SES had a U-shaped relationship with vaccine hesitancy. Perceived social support and health literacy independently and sequentially mediated the effects of subjective SES (indirect effect: −0.240) and annual household income (indirect effect: 1.250 for ≤ CNY 100,000 and 0.759 for CNY 100,001–150,000) on vaccine hesitancy. Socioeconomic disparities influenced parental vaccine hesitancy in China, which were mediated by perceptions of social support and health literacy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5f3b2e48f6ab4f0484b8ced84cd9124f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2164-5515 2164-554X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-5f3b2e48f6ab4f0484b8ced84cd9124f2025-01-08T18:16:53ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHuman Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics2164-55152164-554X2025-12-0121110.1080/21645515.2024.2444008Socioeconomic disparities in childhood vaccine hesitancy among parents in China: The mediating role of social support and health literacyXuelin Yao0Mao Fu1Jin Peng2Da Feng3Yue Ma4Yifan Wu5Liuxin Feng6Yu Fang7Minghuan Jiang8Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaParental vaccine hesitancy is a major obstacle to childhood vaccination. We examined parental socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in vaccine hesitancy, and the potential mediating roles of perceived social support and health literacy. A questionnaire survey was given to parents with children aged below 6 years from six provinces in China. SES was examined by educational attainment, annual household income, and a subjective measure of SES (using a scale of 1–10). Linear regression was applied to assess the association between SES and vaccine hesitancy. Bootstrapping mediation analysis was performed with 5,000 samples bootstrapped. A total of 1,638 parents were included. Using annual household income > 200,000 Chinese yuan (CNY) as a reference, parents with lower household income (CNY 100,001–150,000) experienced higher vaccine hesitancy. Educational attainment was not associated with vaccine hesitancy. Subjective SES had a U-shaped relationship with vaccine hesitancy. Perceived social support and health literacy independently and sequentially mediated the effects of subjective SES (indirect effect: −0.240) and annual household income (indirect effect: 1.250 for ≤ CNY 100,000 and 0.759 for CNY 100,001–150,000) on vaccine hesitancy. Socioeconomic disparities influenced parental vaccine hesitancy in China, which were mediated by perceptions of social support and health literacy.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2444008Vaccine hesitancysocioeconomichealth literacysocial supportchildren |
| spellingShingle | Xuelin Yao Mao Fu Jin Peng Da Feng Yue Ma Yifan Wu Liuxin Feng Yu Fang Minghuan Jiang Socioeconomic disparities in childhood vaccine hesitancy among parents in China: The mediating role of social support and health literacy Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Vaccine hesitancy socioeconomic health literacy social support children |
| title | Socioeconomic disparities in childhood vaccine hesitancy among parents in China: The mediating role of social support and health literacy |
| title_full | Socioeconomic disparities in childhood vaccine hesitancy among parents in China: The mediating role of social support and health literacy |
| title_fullStr | Socioeconomic disparities in childhood vaccine hesitancy among parents in China: The mediating role of social support and health literacy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Socioeconomic disparities in childhood vaccine hesitancy among parents in China: The mediating role of social support and health literacy |
| title_short | Socioeconomic disparities in childhood vaccine hesitancy among parents in China: The mediating role of social support and health literacy |
| title_sort | socioeconomic disparities in childhood vaccine hesitancy among parents in china the mediating role of social support and health literacy |
| topic | Vaccine hesitancy socioeconomic health literacy social support children |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2444008 |
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