Analysis of real-time RT-PCR and rapid antigen test and its correlation with clinical characteristics, investigation profile, and imaging of SARI-suspected COVID-19 infections

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to be a significant global public health issue. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to describe the demographic characteristics, comorbidities, clinical presentations, inflammatory biomarkers, and chest computed tomography (CT) findin...

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Main Authors: Roshan Kanheya Lenka, Bhabani Patnaik, Jeetendra Ku Patra, Somi Patro, Dharitri Mohapatra, Nirupama Chayani, Mahadev Das
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2024-07-01
Series:MGM Journal of Medical Sciences
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/mgmj/fulltext/2024/11030/analysis_of_real_time_rt_pcr_and_rapid_antigen.14.aspx
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author Roshan Kanheya Lenka
Bhabani Patnaik
Jeetendra Ku Patra
Somi Patro
Dharitri Mohapatra
Nirupama Chayani
Mahadev Das
author_facet Roshan Kanheya Lenka
Bhabani Patnaik
Jeetendra Ku Patra
Somi Patro
Dharitri Mohapatra
Nirupama Chayani
Mahadev Das
author_sort Roshan Kanheya Lenka
collection DOAJ
description Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to be a significant global public health issue. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to describe the demographic characteristics, comorbidities, clinical presentations, inflammatory biomarkers, and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) at a tertiary care hospital in Odisha, India. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate different COVID-19 diagnostic methods. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Odisha, India. All admitted SARI patients underwent COVID-19 testing. Data on demographics, clinical presentations, laboratory investigations, and outcomes at 72 h were collected. COVID-19 diagnostic methods were also analyzed. Statistical Analysis: The statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 9.5. Results: Among the 830 patients studied, 305 tested positive for COVID-19. The rapid antigen test (RAT) demonstrated a sensitivity of 93.85% and a specificity of 97.43% compared to the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Discrepancies with RAT results were noted in cases with higher cycle threshold (Ct) values (>25). A male predominance was observed, with a mean age of 43.30 ± 15.19 years in the COVID-19-positive group and 40.95 ± 17.15 years in the COVID-19-negative group. Patients with multiple comorbidities (15.68%) had a higher susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. The COVID-19-positive group showed a significantly elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P = 0.0001) and thrombocytopenia (P = 0.001). Inflammatory biomarkers, including CRP, LDH, ferritin, D-dimer, and IL-6, were markedly elevated in swab-positive cases. Bilateral chest involvement and ground glass opacities were common radiological findings in both groups. Conclusion: In resource-limited settings, the RAT is considered an alternative screening tool for COVID-19. Initial laboratory and radiological investigations may aid clinicians in effective management of such patients.
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spelling doaj-art-5eb106e8e643403e8000595c8617e1b52024-11-09T09:39:32ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsMGM Journal of Medical Sciences2347-79622024-07-0111347948610.4103/mgmj.mgmj_214_24Analysis of real-time RT-PCR and rapid antigen test and its correlation with clinical characteristics, investigation profile, and imaging of SARI-suspected COVID-19 infectionsRoshan Kanheya LenkaBhabani PatnaikJeetendra Ku PatraSomi PatroDharitri MohapatraNirupama ChayaniMahadev DasBackground: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to be a significant global public health issue. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to describe the demographic characteristics, comorbidities, clinical presentations, inflammatory biomarkers, and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) at a tertiary care hospital in Odisha, India. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate different COVID-19 diagnostic methods. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Odisha, India. All admitted SARI patients underwent COVID-19 testing. Data on demographics, clinical presentations, laboratory investigations, and outcomes at 72 h were collected. COVID-19 diagnostic methods were also analyzed. Statistical Analysis: The statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 9.5. Results: Among the 830 patients studied, 305 tested positive for COVID-19. The rapid antigen test (RAT) demonstrated a sensitivity of 93.85% and a specificity of 97.43% compared to the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Discrepancies with RAT results were noted in cases with higher cycle threshold (Ct) values (>25). A male predominance was observed, with a mean age of 43.30 ± 15.19 years in the COVID-19-positive group and 40.95 ± 17.15 years in the COVID-19-negative group. Patients with multiple comorbidities (15.68%) had a higher susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. The COVID-19-positive group showed a significantly elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P = 0.0001) and thrombocytopenia (P = 0.001). Inflammatory biomarkers, including CRP, LDH, ferritin, D-dimer, and IL-6, were markedly elevated in swab-positive cases. Bilateral chest involvement and ground glass opacities were common radiological findings in both groups. Conclusion: In resource-limited settings, the RAT is considered an alternative screening tool for COVID-19. Initial laboratory and radiological investigations may aid clinicians in effective management of such patients.https://journals.lww.com/mgmj/fulltext/2024/11030/analysis_of_real_time_rt_pcr_and_rapid_antigen.14.aspxchest imaging; clinical characteristics; covid-19; laboratory investigations; rat; rt-pcr; sari
spellingShingle Roshan Kanheya Lenka
Bhabani Patnaik
Jeetendra Ku Patra
Somi Patro
Dharitri Mohapatra
Nirupama Chayani
Mahadev Das
Analysis of real-time RT-PCR and rapid antigen test and its correlation with clinical characteristics, investigation profile, and imaging of SARI-suspected COVID-19 infections
MGM Journal of Medical Sciences
chest imaging; clinical characteristics; covid-19; laboratory investigations; rat; rt-pcr; sari
title Analysis of real-time RT-PCR and rapid antigen test and its correlation with clinical characteristics, investigation profile, and imaging of SARI-suspected COVID-19 infections
title_full Analysis of real-time RT-PCR and rapid antigen test and its correlation with clinical characteristics, investigation profile, and imaging of SARI-suspected COVID-19 infections
title_fullStr Analysis of real-time RT-PCR and rapid antigen test and its correlation with clinical characteristics, investigation profile, and imaging of SARI-suspected COVID-19 infections
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of real-time RT-PCR and rapid antigen test and its correlation with clinical characteristics, investigation profile, and imaging of SARI-suspected COVID-19 infections
title_short Analysis of real-time RT-PCR and rapid antigen test and its correlation with clinical characteristics, investigation profile, and imaging of SARI-suspected COVID-19 infections
title_sort analysis of real time rt pcr and rapid antigen test and its correlation with clinical characteristics investigation profile and imaging of sari suspected covid 19 infections
topic chest imaging; clinical characteristics; covid-19; laboratory investigations; rat; rt-pcr; sari
url https://journals.lww.com/mgmj/fulltext/2024/11030/analysis_of_real_time_rt_pcr_and_rapid_antigen.14.aspx
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