Volatile organic compounds (VOC) metabolites in urine are associated with increased systemic inflammation levels, and smokers are identified as a vulnerable population

Background: Previous studies indicated that exposure to VOCs was linked to increased systemic inflammation levels. However, the dose-response relationships between urine VOCs metabolites and systemic inflammation have not been established, and the key metabolite of the toxic compounds has not been i...

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Main Authors: Yuanzhuo Hu, Zhiping Niu, Changsheng Cao, Jun Gao, Miaoting Pan, Yunfei Cai, Zhuohui Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132401474X
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author Yuanzhuo Hu
Zhiping Niu
Changsheng Cao
Jun Gao
Miaoting Pan
Yunfei Cai
Zhuohui Zhao
author_facet Yuanzhuo Hu
Zhiping Niu
Changsheng Cao
Jun Gao
Miaoting Pan
Yunfei Cai
Zhuohui Zhao
author_sort Yuanzhuo Hu
collection DOAJ
description Background: Previous studies indicated that exposure to VOCs was linked to increased systemic inflammation levels. However, the dose-response relationships between urine VOCs metabolites and systemic inflammation have not been established, and the key metabolite of the toxic compounds has not been identified. Methods: We used data in 7007 US adults in the NHANES cycles (2011–2018) across 8 years. Urinary VOC metabolites were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MSMS). VOC metabolites were adjusted by urinary creatinine level before analysis. Systemic inflammation was assessed by systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) indices. Generalized linear models, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were applied to evaluate the associations, exposure-response (E-R) curve and identify the key contributor compound, adjusting for gender, age, race, BMI, marital condition, education level, smoking level, alcohol consumption and physical activity. Smoking status was assessed as an effect modifier. Results: Significant and robust positive correlations were found between 8 VOC metabolites and both SII and SIRI. They were N-Acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine (CEMA), N-Acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine (CYMA), N-Acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine (DHBMA), N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine (3HPMA), mandelic acid (MA), N-Acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-butenyl)-L-cysteine (MHBMA3), phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA), and N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl-1-methyl)-L-cysteine (HPMMA). The RCS curves showed J-shaped or exponential shaped E-R relationships for most VOC metabolites. WQS regression found that exposure to the mixture of VOC metabolites was related to increased systemic inflammation, and MA was the key VOC metabolite contributing most to systemic inflammation levels. Smokers exhibited higher levels of urinary VOCs and larger susceptibility to VOC-related increases in SII and SIRI compared to non-smokers. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a strong link between urinary VOC metabolites and increased systemic inflammation, and smokers were more susceptible. Our findings highlighted the significance of reducing VOC exposure to mitigate the inflammation levels, particularly for smokers.
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spelling doaj-art-5e81f4ae6b434e0386955b1689c223152024-12-07T08:24:40ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132024-12-01288117398Volatile organic compounds (VOC) metabolites in urine are associated with increased systemic inflammation levels, and smokers are identified as a vulnerable populationYuanzhuo Hu0Zhiping Niu1Changsheng Cao2Jun Gao3Miaoting Pan4Yunfei Cai5Zhuohui Zhao6Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, ChinaInstitute of HVAC Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaInstitute of HVAC Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaShanghai Chemical Monitoring Station for Environment Protection, Shanghai 200050, China; Corresponding authors.Department of General Management, Shanghai Environment Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China; Corresponding authors.Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200030, China; WMO/IGAC MAP-AQ Asian Office Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Corresponding author at: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.Background: Previous studies indicated that exposure to VOCs was linked to increased systemic inflammation levels. However, the dose-response relationships between urine VOCs metabolites and systemic inflammation have not been established, and the key metabolite of the toxic compounds has not been identified. Methods: We used data in 7007 US adults in the NHANES cycles (2011–2018) across 8 years. Urinary VOC metabolites were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MSMS). VOC metabolites were adjusted by urinary creatinine level before analysis. Systemic inflammation was assessed by systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) indices. Generalized linear models, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were applied to evaluate the associations, exposure-response (E-R) curve and identify the key contributor compound, adjusting for gender, age, race, BMI, marital condition, education level, smoking level, alcohol consumption and physical activity. Smoking status was assessed as an effect modifier. Results: Significant and robust positive correlations were found between 8 VOC metabolites and both SII and SIRI. They were N-Acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine (CEMA), N-Acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine (CYMA), N-Acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine (DHBMA), N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine (3HPMA), mandelic acid (MA), N-Acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-butenyl)-L-cysteine (MHBMA3), phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA), and N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl-1-methyl)-L-cysteine (HPMMA). The RCS curves showed J-shaped or exponential shaped E-R relationships for most VOC metabolites. WQS regression found that exposure to the mixture of VOC metabolites was related to increased systemic inflammation, and MA was the key VOC metabolite contributing most to systemic inflammation levels. Smokers exhibited higher levels of urinary VOCs and larger susceptibility to VOC-related increases in SII and SIRI compared to non-smokers. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a strong link between urinary VOC metabolites and increased systemic inflammation, and smokers were more susceptible. Our findings highlighted the significance of reducing VOC exposure to mitigate the inflammation levels, particularly for smokers.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132401474XVolatile organic compoundVOCSystemic immune-inflammationSystemic inflammation responseSmoking
spellingShingle Yuanzhuo Hu
Zhiping Niu
Changsheng Cao
Jun Gao
Miaoting Pan
Yunfei Cai
Zhuohui Zhao
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) metabolites in urine are associated with increased systemic inflammation levels, and smokers are identified as a vulnerable population
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Volatile organic compound
VOC
Systemic immune-inflammation
Systemic inflammation response
Smoking
title Volatile organic compounds (VOC) metabolites in urine are associated with increased systemic inflammation levels, and smokers are identified as a vulnerable population
title_full Volatile organic compounds (VOC) metabolites in urine are associated with increased systemic inflammation levels, and smokers are identified as a vulnerable population
title_fullStr Volatile organic compounds (VOC) metabolites in urine are associated with increased systemic inflammation levels, and smokers are identified as a vulnerable population
title_full_unstemmed Volatile organic compounds (VOC) metabolites in urine are associated with increased systemic inflammation levels, and smokers are identified as a vulnerable population
title_short Volatile organic compounds (VOC) metabolites in urine are associated with increased systemic inflammation levels, and smokers are identified as a vulnerable population
title_sort volatile organic compounds voc metabolites in urine are associated with increased systemic inflammation levels and smokers are identified as a vulnerable population
topic Volatile organic compound
VOC
Systemic immune-inflammation
Systemic inflammation response
Smoking
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132401474X
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