Characterization and enhanced antibiofilm activity of Annona muricata extract in combination with fluconazole against Candida albicans
Introduction: Candida albicans biofilm formation contributes significantly to antifungal resistance, necessitating new treatment strategies. Annona muricata Lin., a traditional herbal remedy, has shown promise in combating microbial infections. This study evaluated the antibiofilm activity of the m...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Drug Target Insights |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.aboutscience.eu/index.php/dti/article/view/3171 |
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| author | Abhay Mishra Masande Yalo Jennifer Nambooze Carolina H. Pohl Gabré Kemp Lekgoana K. Setsiba Motlalepula G. Matsabisa |
| author_facet | Abhay Mishra Masande Yalo Jennifer Nambooze Carolina H. Pohl Gabré Kemp Lekgoana K. Setsiba Motlalepula G. Matsabisa |
| author_sort | Abhay Mishra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Introduction: Candida albicans biofilm formation contributes significantly to antifungal resistance, necessitating new treatment strategies. Annona muricata Lin., a traditional herbal remedy, has shown promise in combating microbial infections. This study evaluated the antibiofilm activity of the methanol extract of A. muricata leaves, alone or combined with fluconazole, against C. albicans.
Methods: Phytochemicals in the methanol extract were analyzed using LC-MS, biofilm metabolic activity was assessed with the XTT assay, and morphological changes were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Molecular docking evaluated the binding of compounds in the A. muricata extract to the Sap3 receptor (PDB: 2H6T).
Results: LC-MS identified 17 phytochemicals in the methanol extract. The extract showed dose-dependent inhibition of biofilm formation, reaching ~60% inhibition at 240 μg/ml. Fluconazole inhibition increased from 32% to 76% as concentrations rose from 15 to 240 μg/ml. The combination of A. muricata and fluconazole enhanced inhibition, ranging from 74% to 78% at 15–240 μg/ml. SEM analysis revealed altered biofilm morphology and loss of cell integrity with the combination treatment. Phytochemicals showed high binding affinity (−9.7 to −8.0 kcal/mol) for the Sap3 enzyme, suggesting therapeutic potential.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that compounds in the A. muricata methanol extract synergize with fluconazole at sub-inhibitory concentrations to suppress C. albicans biofilm formation. This paves the way for antifungal treatments that may mitigate fluconazole resistance using this plant extract.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5db16dbeed6045b09d4301e2bf089fa1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1177-3928 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | AboutScience Srl |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Drug Target Insights |
| spelling | doaj-art-5db16dbeed6045b09d4301e2bf089fa12025-01-13T14:03:25ZengAboutScience SrlDrug Target Insights1177-39282025-01-0119110.33393/dti.2025.3171Characterization and enhanced antibiofilm activity of Annona muricata extract in combination with fluconazole against Candida albicansAbhay Mishra0Masande Yalo1Jennifer Nambooze2Carolina H. Pohl3Gabré Kemp4Lekgoana K. Setsiba5Motlalepula G. Matsabisa6Department of Pharmacology, University of Free State, Bloemfontein - South Africa and Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Centre (CosNat), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Naresuan University, Tha Pho, Phitsanulok - ThailandDepartment of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town - South AfricaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Free State, Bloemfontein - South AfricaDepartment of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of Free State, Bloemfontein - South AfricaDepartment of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of Free State, Bloemfontein - South AfricaDepartment of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of Free State, Bloemfontein - South AfricaDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Free State, Bloemfontein - South Africa Introduction: Candida albicans biofilm formation contributes significantly to antifungal resistance, necessitating new treatment strategies. Annona muricata Lin., a traditional herbal remedy, has shown promise in combating microbial infections. This study evaluated the antibiofilm activity of the methanol extract of A. muricata leaves, alone or combined with fluconazole, against C. albicans. Methods: Phytochemicals in the methanol extract were analyzed using LC-MS, biofilm metabolic activity was assessed with the XTT assay, and morphological changes were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Molecular docking evaluated the binding of compounds in the A. muricata extract to the Sap3 receptor (PDB: 2H6T). Results: LC-MS identified 17 phytochemicals in the methanol extract. The extract showed dose-dependent inhibition of biofilm formation, reaching ~60% inhibition at 240 μg/ml. Fluconazole inhibition increased from 32% to 76% as concentrations rose from 15 to 240 μg/ml. The combination of A. muricata and fluconazole enhanced inhibition, ranging from 74% to 78% at 15–240 μg/ml. SEM analysis revealed altered biofilm morphology and loss of cell integrity with the combination treatment. Phytochemicals showed high binding affinity (−9.7 to −8.0 kcal/mol) for the Sap3 enzyme, suggesting therapeutic potential. Conclusion: These findings suggest that compounds in the A. muricata methanol extract synergize with fluconazole at sub-inhibitory concentrations to suppress C. albicans biofilm formation. This paves the way for antifungal treatments that may mitigate fluconazole resistance using this plant extract. https://journals.aboutscience.eu/index.php/dti/article/view/3171A. muricataCandida albicansFluconazoleLC-MSSynergismXTT assay |
| spellingShingle | Abhay Mishra Masande Yalo Jennifer Nambooze Carolina H. Pohl Gabré Kemp Lekgoana K. Setsiba Motlalepula G. Matsabisa Characterization and enhanced antibiofilm activity of Annona muricata extract in combination with fluconazole against Candida albicans Drug Target Insights A. muricata Candida albicans Fluconazole LC-MS Synergism XTT assay |
| title | Characterization and enhanced antibiofilm activity of Annona muricata extract in combination with fluconazole against Candida albicans |
| title_full | Characterization and enhanced antibiofilm activity of Annona muricata extract in combination with fluconazole against Candida albicans |
| title_fullStr | Characterization and enhanced antibiofilm activity of Annona muricata extract in combination with fluconazole against Candida albicans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization and enhanced antibiofilm activity of Annona muricata extract in combination with fluconazole against Candida albicans |
| title_short | Characterization and enhanced antibiofilm activity of Annona muricata extract in combination with fluconazole against Candida albicans |
| title_sort | characterization and enhanced antibiofilm activity of annona muricata extract in combination with fluconazole against candida albicans |
| topic | A. muricata Candida albicans Fluconazole LC-MS Synergism XTT assay |
| url | https://journals.aboutscience.eu/index.php/dti/article/view/3171 |
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