Toxicity evaluation and degradation of cypermethrin-contaminated soil using biochar and Bacillus cereus amendments
Abstract Cypermethrin (Cyp), a persistent synthetic pyrethroid insecticide widely used for insect control. The persistence of Cyp creates toxicity to both humans and the environment This study investigates biochar and Bacillus cereus distinct and collective effects on Cyp -contaminated soil during a...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81588-4 |
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| author | Hamid Rehman Ziafat Rehman Tonoy K. Das Maha Rehman Basit Ahmed Khan Sunny Nandi Khurshid Ahmad Sanjay K. Mohanty Wasif ur Rehman Rehan Naeem Mohit Bajaj Milkias Berhanu Tuka |
| author_facet | Hamid Rehman Ziafat Rehman Tonoy K. Das Maha Rehman Basit Ahmed Khan Sunny Nandi Khurshid Ahmad Sanjay K. Mohanty Wasif ur Rehman Rehan Naeem Mohit Bajaj Milkias Berhanu Tuka |
| author_sort | Hamid Rehman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Cypermethrin (Cyp), a persistent synthetic pyrethroid insecticide widely used for insect control. The persistence of Cyp creates toxicity to both humans and the environment This study investigates biochar and Bacillus cereus distinct and collective effects on Cyp -contaminated soil during a 90-day incubation. This study also investigates the effects of different concentrations of Cyp (50, 100, ,500 to 1000 mg kg−1) on soil physicochemical and biological activities during a 90-day incubation period. Microbial biomass carbon and soil respiration rates decreased significantly across all cypermethrin concentrations, with the most substantial reductions observed at 1000 mg kg−1. However noticeable variations in soil enzymes and MBC over time during the entire incubation period. On 1st day, the GMean Enz and MBC rate for Cyp treatments (50, 100, ,500 to 1000 mg kg−1) ranged from 0.98 to 0.63, and 9.06, to 5.03, respectively. Under Cyp pollution, microbial biomass carbon exhibited significant decreases, with the highest inhibition (86.2%) at 1000 mg kg−1 on 1st day of incubation. Soil respiration rates dropped 77%, at 1000 mg kg−1, and Integrated biomarker response (IBR) values peaked on day 30, indicating environmental stress. Biochar and Bacillus cereus effectively facilitated the degradation of Cyp, achieving approximately 85% degradation within the first 45 days of the experiment. The combined application of biochar and Bacillus cereus increased soil pH to a neutral level from 5.9, to 7.1, reduced electrical conductivity from 1.41 µS cm− 1 to 1.20 µS cm−1, and elevated cation exchange capacity from 1.54 ± 0.04 to 6.18 C mol kg−1, while also improving organic carbon content to 3.135%. However, the dehydrogenase activity was decresed upto 47% in the combined application and all other enzymes including urasese catlayse and phostasese enzymes with Gmean enzymeatic activities were significantly improved. These findings suggest biochar and bacterial interaction for soil management to enhance soil resilience against pesticide stress. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5d986c0628354dda98699e8acd8b303c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-5d986c0628354dda98699e8acd8b303c2024-12-08T12:30:03ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-12-0114111510.1038/s41598-024-81588-4Toxicity evaluation and degradation of cypermethrin-contaminated soil using biochar and Bacillus cereus amendmentsHamid Rehman0Ziafat Rehman1Tonoy K. Das2Maha Rehman3Basit Ahmed Khan4Sunny Nandi5Khurshid Ahmad6Sanjay K. Mohanty7Wasif ur Rehman8Rehan Naeem9Mohit Bajaj10Milkias Berhanu Tuka11Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology Department of Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam UniversityDepartment of Physics, Tezpur UniversityState Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Sciences and Engineering, Ocean University of ChinaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Los AngelesHubei Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Power Battery, School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive TechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University)Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Sustainable Energy Center of Excellency, Addis Ababa Science and Technology UniversityAbstract Cypermethrin (Cyp), a persistent synthetic pyrethroid insecticide widely used for insect control. The persistence of Cyp creates toxicity to both humans and the environment This study investigates biochar and Bacillus cereus distinct and collective effects on Cyp -contaminated soil during a 90-day incubation. This study also investigates the effects of different concentrations of Cyp (50, 100, ,500 to 1000 mg kg−1) on soil physicochemical and biological activities during a 90-day incubation period. Microbial biomass carbon and soil respiration rates decreased significantly across all cypermethrin concentrations, with the most substantial reductions observed at 1000 mg kg−1. However noticeable variations in soil enzymes and MBC over time during the entire incubation period. On 1st day, the GMean Enz and MBC rate for Cyp treatments (50, 100, ,500 to 1000 mg kg−1) ranged from 0.98 to 0.63, and 9.06, to 5.03, respectively. Under Cyp pollution, microbial biomass carbon exhibited significant decreases, with the highest inhibition (86.2%) at 1000 mg kg−1 on 1st day of incubation. Soil respiration rates dropped 77%, at 1000 mg kg−1, and Integrated biomarker response (IBR) values peaked on day 30, indicating environmental stress. Biochar and Bacillus cereus effectively facilitated the degradation of Cyp, achieving approximately 85% degradation within the first 45 days of the experiment. The combined application of biochar and Bacillus cereus increased soil pH to a neutral level from 5.9, to 7.1, reduced electrical conductivity from 1.41 µS cm− 1 to 1.20 µS cm−1, and elevated cation exchange capacity from 1.54 ± 0.04 to 6.18 C mol kg−1, while also improving organic carbon content to 3.135%. However, the dehydrogenase activity was decresed upto 47% in the combined application and all other enzymes including urasese catlayse and phostasese enzymes with Gmean enzymeatic activities were significantly improved. These findings suggest biochar and bacterial interaction for soil management to enhance soil resilience against pesticide stress.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81588-4Biomarker responseCypermethrin degradationMicrobial activitiesSoil management |
| spellingShingle | Hamid Rehman Ziafat Rehman Tonoy K. Das Maha Rehman Basit Ahmed Khan Sunny Nandi Khurshid Ahmad Sanjay K. Mohanty Wasif ur Rehman Rehan Naeem Mohit Bajaj Milkias Berhanu Tuka Toxicity evaluation and degradation of cypermethrin-contaminated soil using biochar and Bacillus cereus amendments Scientific Reports Biomarker response Cypermethrin degradation Microbial activities Soil management |
| title | Toxicity evaluation and degradation of cypermethrin-contaminated soil using biochar and Bacillus cereus amendments |
| title_full | Toxicity evaluation and degradation of cypermethrin-contaminated soil using biochar and Bacillus cereus amendments |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity evaluation and degradation of cypermethrin-contaminated soil using biochar and Bacillus cereus amendments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity evaluation and degradation of cypermethrin-contaminated soil using biochar and Bacillus cereus amendments |
| title_short | Toxicity evaluation and degradation of cypermethrin-contaminated soil using biochar and Bacillus cereus amendments |
| title_sort | toxicity evaluation and degradation of cypermethrin contaminated soil using biochar and bacillus cereus amendments |
| topic | Biomarker response Cypermethrin degradation Microbial activities Soil management |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81588-4 |
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