Distribution of tsunami inundation area and tsunami height associated with the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake, central Japan
Abstract The Noto Peninsula earthquake occurred on January 1, 2024, with an M J of 7.6. This earthquake was triggered by active submarine faults previously mapped off the northern coast of the Noto Peninsula and generated a tsunami. We mapped the tsunami inundation areas and tsunami runup and inunda...
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SpringerOpen
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Earth, Planets and Space |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02202-z |
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| author | Yoshiya Iwasa Takashi Nakata Yasuhiro Kumahara Satoru Sugita Akira Hama Tatsuto Aoki |
| author_facet | Yoshiya Iwasa Takashi Nakata Yasuhiro Kumahara Satoru Sugita Akira Hama Tatsuto Aoki |
| author_sort | Yoshiya Iwasa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The Noto Peninsula earthquake occurred on January 1, 2024, with an M J of 7.6. This earthquake was triggered by active submarine faults previously mapped off the northern coast of the Noto Peninsula and generated a tsunami. We mapped the tsunami inundation areas and tsunami runup and inundation heights associated with the 2024 earthquake along the coast of the entire Noto Peninsula based on high-resolution aerial photographs and field surveys. The tsunami inundation area was widely distributed along the coast of the Noto Peninsula, Hegurajima, and Notojima Islands. The tsunami inundation area was 3.7 km2 in total. The tsunami inundation areas were distributed continuously along the west and east coasts of the Noto Peninsula. In contrast, these were discontinuous along the northern coast of the Noto Peninsula. The characteristics of the regional patterns of the tsunami inundation were broadly consistent with the tsunami inundation assumptions made for tsunami hazard maps before the 2024 earthquake. The tsunami height was different between the east and west coasts of the Noto Peninsula, with a peak of 11.3 m in elevation at Kuroshima. The tsunami on the west coast was higher than the one on the east coast. This was due to the location of the earthquake source fault and the distribution of the slip amount of the fault. The distribution of tsunami heights is also influenced by tsunami propagation characteristics, such as reflection and refraction. The tsunami runup and inundation height of the 2024 earthquake was the largest along the coast of the northern Noto Peninsula since the twentieth century compared with the past earthquakes. In contrast to the tsunami height, damages induced by the tsunami were smaller along the west coast and larger along the east coast, which was attributed to the location of the settlements and the presence of coastal structures. This study will contribute to future tsunami disaster prevention along the Sea of Japan coastlines crucial for improving future response strategies by accurately determining tsunami height and potential damage. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5d865bfbe91443b8a43b5bd498b9dd23 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1880-5981 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
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| series | Earth, Planets and Space |
| spelling | doaj-art-5d865bfbe91443b8a43b5bd498b9dd232025-08-20T03:45:19ZengSpringerOpenEarth, Planets and Space1880-59812025-07-0177111310.1186/s40623-025-02202-zDistribution of tsunami inundation area and tsunami height associated with the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake, central JapanYoshiya Iwasa0Takashi Nakata1Yasuhiro Kumahara2Satoru Sugita3Akira Hama4Tatsuto Aoki5Center for Education and Research of Disaster Risk Reduction and Redesign, Oita UniversityGraduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityGraduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityChubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu UniversityGraduate School of Horticulture, Chiba UniversityInstitute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa UniversityAbstract The Noto Peninsula earthquake occurred on January 1, 2024, with an M J of 7.6. This earthquake was triggered by active submarine faults previously mapped off the northern coast of the Noto Peninsula and generated a tsunami. We mapped the tsunami inundation areas and tsunami runup and inundation heights associated with the 2024 earthquake along the coast of the entire Noto Peninsula based on high-resolution aerial photographs and field surveys. The tsunami inundation area was widely distributed along the coast of the Noto Peninsula, Hegurajima, and Notojima Islands. The tsunami inundation area was 3.7 km2 in total. The tsunami inundation areas were distributed continuously along the west and east coasts of the Noto Peninsula. In contrast, these were discontinuous along the northern coast of the Noto Peninsula. The characteristics of the regional patterns of the tsunami inundation were broadly consistent with the tsunami inundation assumptions made for tsunami hazard maps before the 2024 earthquake. The tsunami height was different between the east and west coasts of the Noto Peninsula, with a peak of 11.3 m in elevation at Kuroshima. The tsunami on the west coast was higher than the one on the east coast. This was due to the location of the earthquake source fault and the distribution of the slip amount of the fault. The distribution of tsunami heights is also influenced by tsunami propagation characteristics, such as reflection and refraction. The tsunami runup and inundation height of the 2024 earthquake was the largest along the coast of the northern Noto Peninsula since the twentieth century compared with the past earthquakes. In contrast to the tsunami height, damages induced by the tsunami were smaller along the west coast and larger along the east coast, which was attributed to the location of the settlements and the presence of coastal structures. This study will contribute to future tsunami disaster prevention along the Sea of Japan coastlines crucial for improving future response strategies by accurately determining tsunami height and potential damage. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02202-z2024 Noto Peninsula earthquakeTsunamiRunup heightInterpretation of aerial photographsField surveyActive submarine fault |
| spellingShingle | Yoshiya Iwasa Takashi Nakata Yasuhiro Kumahara Satoru Sugita Akira Hama Tatsuto Aoki Distribution of tsunami inundation area and tsunami height associated with the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake, central Japan Earth, Planets and Space 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake Tsunami Runup height Interpretation of aerial photographs Field survey Active submarine fault |
| title | Distribution of tsunami inundation area and tsunami height associated with the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake, central Japan |
| title_full | Distribution of tsunami inundation area and tsunami height associated with the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake, central Japan |
| title_fullStr | Distribution of tsunami inundation area and tsunami height associated with the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake, central Japan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distribution of tsunami inundation area and tsunami height associated with the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake, central Japan |
| title_short | Distribution of tsunami inundation area and tsunami height associated with the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake, central Japan |
| title_sort | distribution of tsunami inundation area and tsunami height associated with the 2024 noto peninsula earthquake central japan |
| topic | 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake Tsunami Runup height Interpretation of aerial photographs Field survey Active submarine fault |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02202-z |
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