Evaluating the greenness, blueness, and whiteness of spectroscopic and UPLC techniques for the simultaneous measurement of anti-glaucoma drugs and the preservation agent
The pursuit of sustainable solutions is increasingly crucial in contemporary times. We propose inventive research that fulfills the criteria of whiteness and greenness in analytical chemistry. The endeavor aims to advance environmentally conscious techniques for the simultaneous detection of timolol...
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| author | Eman A. Assirey Noha S. katamesh Mahmoud A. Mohamed |
| author_facet | Eman A. Assirey Noha S. katamesh Mahmoud A. Mohamed |
| author_sort | Eman A. Assirey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The pursuit of sustainable solutions is increasingly crucial in contemporary times. We propose inventive research that fulfills the criteria of whiteness and greenness in analytical chemistry. The endeavor aims to advance environmentally conscious techniques for the simultaneous detection of timolol maleate (TIM), dorzolamide HCl (DOR), and benzalkonium Cl (BNZ). The first method employed a sustainable mobile phase consisting of 0.02 M phosphate buffer: ethanol (68:32, v/v), and a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min with retention times 1.274, 1.798, and 2.483 min for DOR, TIM, and BNZ, respectively, with a UV detector at 210 nm. This methodology was easy, fast, and accurate. The approach showed low processing times, peak symmetry, and satisfactory resolution, with correlation values of 0.999. The linearity was between 0.001–0.064, 0.001–0.060 µg mL-1, and 0.001–0.050 µg mL-1for DOR, TIM, and BNZ, respectively. Furthermore, employing water as the solvent, complementary spectrophotometric methods such as Mean Centering of Ratio Spectra (MCR) and Successive Derivative Ratio Spectra (SRDS) were investigated as economical and environmentally friendly substitutes. All procedures demonstrated good linearity (r² > 0.9990), acceptable accuracy, and precision (RSD ≤ 2 %). Furthermore, by proving the superiority of the current work over previously published methods regarding sustainability, analytical performance, economics, and practicality, the real-world implementation of four greenness and whiteness algorithms boosts the approval and overall sustainable development of the proposed methods. The suggested techniques offer low-cost, environmentally friendly substitutes for traditional methods, advancing the field of analytical chemistry towards more sustainable practices and fostering a less destructive future for quality control. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5cf5f7f292af4fd194f7a9d7f13e13ca |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-8319 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Talanta Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-5cf5f7f292af4fd194f7a9d7f13e13ca2024-12-13T11:06:09ZengElsevierTalanta Open2666-83192024-12-0110100367Evaluating the greenness, blueness, and whiteness of spectroscopic and UPLC techniques for the simultaneous measurement of anti-glaucoma drugs and the preservation agentEman A. Assirey0Noha S. katamesh1Mahmoud A. Mohamed2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Madinah 4141, Saudi ArabiaPharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptHikma Pharmaceutical Company, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Corresponding author.The pursuit of sustainable solutions is increasingly crucial in contemporary times. We propose inventive research that fulfills the criteria of whiteness and greenness in analytical chemistry. The endeavor aims to advance environmentally conscious techniques for the simultaneous detection of timolol maleate (TIM), dorzolamide HCl (DOR), and benzalkonium Cl (BNZ). The first method employed a sustainable mobile phase consisting of 0.02 M phosphate buffer: ethanol (68:32, v/v), and a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min with retention times 1.274, 1.798, and 2.483 min for DOR, TIM, and BNZ, respectively, with a UV detector at 210 nm. This methodology was easy, fast, and accurate. The approach showed low processing times, peak symmetry, and satisfactory resolution, with correlation values of 0.999. The linearity was between 0.001–0.064, 0.001–0.060 µg mL-1, and 0.001–0.050 µg mL-1for DOR, TIM, and BNZ, respectively. Furthermore, employing water as the solvent, complementary spectrophotometric methods such as Mean Centering of Ratio Spectra (MCR) and Successive Derivative Ratio Spectra (SRDS) were investigated as economical and environmentally friendly substitutes. All procedures demonstrated good linearity (r² > 0.9990), acceptable accuracy, and precision (RSD ≤ 2 %). Furthermore, by proving the superiority of the current work over previously published methods regarding sustainability, analytical performance, economics, and practicality, the real-world implementation of four greenness and whiteness algorithms boosts the approval and overall sustainable development of the proposed methods. The suggested techniques offer low-cost, environmentally friendly substitutes for traditional methods, advancing the field of analytical chemistry towards more sustainable practices and fostering a less destructive future for quality control.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266683192400081XGreen UPLCSpectroscopic analysisEvaluation of whitenessGreennessSustainable chemistry |
| spellingShingle | Eman A. Assirey Noha S. katamesh Mahmoud A. Mohamed Evaluating the greenness, blueness, and whiteness of spectroscopic and UPLC techniques for the simultaneous measurement of anti-glaucoma drugs and the preservation agent Talanta Open Green UPLC Spectroscopic analysis Evaluation of whiteness Greenness Sustainable chemistry |
| title | Evaluating the greenness, blueness, and whiteness of spectroscopic and UPLC techniques for the simultaneous measurement of anti-glaucoma drugs and the preservation agent |
| title_full | Evaluating the greenness, blueness, and whiteness of spectroscopic and UPLC techniques for the simultaneous measurement of anti-glaucoma drugs and the preservation agent |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the greenness, blueness, and whiteness of spectroscopic and UPLC techniques for the simultaneous measurement of anti-glaucoma drugs and the preservation agent |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the greenness, blueness, and whiteness of spectroscopic and UPLC techniques for the simultaneous measurement of anti-glaucoma drugs and the preservation agent |
| title_short | Evaluating the greenness, blueness, and whiteness of spectroscopic and UPLC techniques for the simultaneous measurement of anti-glaucoma drugs and the preservation agent |
| title_sort | evaluating the greenness blueness and whiteness of spectroscopic and uplc techniques for the simultaneous measurement of anti glaucoma drugs and the preservation agent |
| topic | Green UPLC Spectroscopic analysis Evaluation of whiteness Greenness Sustainable chemistry |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266683192400081X |
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