Synthesis and characterization of a hydrogel film based on chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose for food packaging applications
This study focuses on the synthesis of a novel hydrogel film composed of chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) crosslinked with citric acid (CA). The primary objective is to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and hydrophobic properties of CMC and CS by optimizing the crosslinking density thr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266689392500324X |
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| author | Saba Sabzevari Hasan Farrokhzad Ali Poorkhalil |
| author_facet | Saba Sabzevari Hasan Farrokhzad Ali Poorkhalil |
| author_sort | Saba Sabzevari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study focuses on the synthesis of a novel hydrogel film composed of chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) crosslinked with citric acid (CA). The primary objective is to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and hydrophobic properties of CMC and CS by optimizing the crosslinking density through varying CA concentration. Glycerin was added as a plasticizer in selected formulations. Hydrogel films were synthesized using equal volumes of CS and CMC solutions with different amounts of CA (12, 18, and 24 wt.%) at 80°C. The films were characterized by water vapor permeability (WVP), contact angle, solubility, swelling behavior, mechanical properties, and thermal performance. The optimized formulation (18 wt.% CA) exhibited WVP of 7.68 × 10−9 g h−1 m−1 Pa−1 and a contact angle of 45.19 °, indicating improved moisture barrier and hydrophobicity. Tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break were 7.12 MPa, 0.22 MPa, and 35.95 %, respectively. Thermal analysis indicated an onset degradation temperature of 255°C and a maximum degradation temperature of 294.1°C. These findings suggest that CA-crosslinked CS-CMC hydrogel films possess a balanced combination of mechanical robustness, thermal stability, and moisture barrier performance, making them promising candidates for applications in food packaging, biomedical devices, and environmentally sustainable coatings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5ca0c27d44a74b19bf6461ab686f49ba |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-8939 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications |
| spelling | doaj-art-5ca0c27d44a74b19bf6461ab686f49ba2025-08-22T04:58:31ZengElsevierCarbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications2666-89392025-09-011110098310.1016/j.carpta.2025.100983Synthesis and characterization of a hydrogel film based on chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose for food packaging applicationsSaba Sabzevari0Hasan Farrokhzad1Ali Poorkhalil2School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), P.O. Box 16844‑13114 Tehran, IranSchool of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), P.O. Box 16844‑13114 Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author at: School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran Zip Code: 16846-13114, Iran.School of Life Science Engineering, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, University of Tehran, PO Box 1439817435 Tehran, IranThis study focuses on the synthesis of a novel hydrogel film composed of chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) crosslinked with citric acid (CA). The primary objective is to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and hydrophobic properties of CMC and CS by optimizing the crosslinking density through varying CA concentration. Glycerin was added as a plasticizer in selected formulations. Hydrogel films were synthesized using equal volumes of CS and CMC solutions with different amounts of CA (12, 18, and 24 wt.%) at 80°C. The films were characterized by water vapor permeability (WVP), contact angle, solubility, swelling behavior, mechanical properties, and thermal performance. The optimized formulation (18 wt.% CA) exhibited WVP of 7.68 × 10−9 g h−1 m−1 Pa−1 and a contact angle of 45.19 °, indicating improved moisture barrier and hydrophobicity. Tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break were 7.12 MPa, 0.22 MPa, and 35.95 %, respectively. Thermal analysis indicated an onset degradation temperature of 255°C and a maximum degradation temperature of 294.1°C. These findings suggest that CA-crosslinked CS-CMC hydrogel films possess a balanced combination of mechanical robustness, thermal stability, and moisture barrier performance, making them promising candidates for applications in food packaging, biomedical devices, and environmentally sustainable coatings.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266689392500324XChitosan-carboxymethyl cellulose (CS-CMC) compositeHydrogel filmMechanical characterizationHydrophobicity,Biodegradable polymers |
| spellingShingle | Saba Sabzevari Hasan Farrokhzad Ali Poorkhalil Synthesis and characterization of a hydrogel film based on chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose for food packaging applications Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications Chitosan-carboxymethyl cellulose (CS-CMC) composite Hydrogel film Mechanical characterization Hydrophobicity,Biodegradable polymers |
| title | Synthesis and characterization of a hydrogel film based on chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose for food packaging applications |
| title_full | Synthesis and characterization of a hydrogel film based on chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose for food packaging applications |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and characterization of a hydrogel film based on chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose for food packaging applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and characterization of a hydrogel film based on chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose for food packaging applications |
| title_short | Synthesis and characterization of a hydrogel film based on chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose for food packaging applications |
| title_sort | synthesis and characterization of a hydrogel film based on chitosan carboxymethyl cellulose for food packaging applications |
| topic | Chitosan-carboxymethyl cellulose (CS-CMC) composite Hydrogel film Mechanical characterization Hydrophobicity,Biodegradable polymers |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266689392500324X |
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